Table 2. Causes of revision surgery for artificial urinary sphincter.

Early

Erroneous cuff sizing (leading to persistent incontinence or urinary retention)

Insufficient reservoir pressure (persistent urinary incontinence)

Discomfort at pump site

Unsatisfactory accessibility of scrotal pump

Erosion (often due to unrecognized urethral injury)

Late

Device mechanical malfunction (fluid leak, pump malfunction)

Sub-cuff urethral atrophy (leading to recurrent incontinence)

Infection

Erosion