Fig. 4.

Effect of fluid resuscitation on NO mechanism in CS rats. a Muscle NO₂ ⁻, b muscle NO₃ ⁻, c muscle p-eNOS/eNOS ratio, and d muscle iNOS/β-actin ratio. White bar sham, black bar CS-only, gray bar C-saline, and shaded bar C-AS. Values represent mean ± SEM (n = 3). ^# p < 0.05 versus sham group, *p < 0.05 versus CS-only group, and ^† p < 0.05 versus C-saline group (Tukey’s test). CS crush syndrome, NO nitric oxide, eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase, iNOS inducible nitric oxide synthase