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. 2017 Sep 4;8:412. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00432-8

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Medaka undergo seasonal changes in behavior. a Top: Behavioral traces of two individuals under long day/warm temperature (LW) and short day/cool temperature (SC) conditions. Different colors denote traces for each individual. Bottom: Time spent at each height of the tank. b Top: Medaka (LW fish) exhibited negative phototaxis (left) and darkness-induced light-seeking behavior (right). Bottom: (left) LW fish exhibited negative phototaxis to a white light stimulus, whereas SC fish swam randomly (*P < 0.05, t-test; mean + SEM, n = 5–9). (right) When the light was turned off, LW fish immediately moved to the opposite side of the tank, whereas SC fish failed to exhibit this darkness-induced light-seeking behavior (*P < 0.05, t-test; mean + SEM, n = 5–9). c Three-dimensional computer graphics (3D-CG) medaka (see Supplementary Movie 1). d (left) When presented with a gray model fish on the screen, neither SC nor LW test fish showed a preference (P > 0.05, t-test; mean + SEM, n = 8–10). (right) By contrast, LW test fish spent more time on the screen side when presented with orange-red-colored model fish, whereas SC fish did not show a preference (*P < 0.05, t-test; mean + SEM, n = 10)