Fig. 3.

LWS opsin-null fish exhibit defects in phototaxis and mate preference. a LWS ^−/− fish exhibited impaired negative phototaxis to white light compared to LWS ^+/+ fish under long day/warm temperature (LW) conditions (*P < 0.05, t-test; mean + SEM, n = 6–12). When white light was switched to red light, LWS ^−/− fish exhibited light-seeking behavior, whereas LWS ^+/+ fish continued to exhibit negative phototaxis (**P < 0.01, t-test; mean + SEM, n = 6–12). b Neither LWS ^+/+ nor LWS ^−/− fish kept under LW conditions showed a preference for gray model fish (*P > 0.05, t-test; mean + SEM, n = 10–11). LWS ^+/+ fish preferred orange-red-colored model fish, but this preference was impaired in LWS ^−/− fish (P < 0.05, t-test; mean + SEM, n = 16–18)