Table 3.

Associations between unfavourable lifestyle-related and work-related factors sick leave among healthy workers (n = 2858) and workers with MSD (n = 3271), CVD (n = 1066), MD (n = 661), and RD (n = 969)

	Sick leave 1–365 days
	Healthy workers n = 1255 (44%)	Workers with MSD n = 2005 (61%)	Workers with CVD n = 631 (59%)	Workers with MD n = 505 (76%)	Workers with RD n = 631 (65%)
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Lifestyle-related factors
Heavy smoking	1.23 (0.78–1.95)	1.24 (0.84–1.82)	3.39 (1.38–8.32)*	2.86 (1.11–7.38)*	1.24 (0.61–2.50)
>10 glasses alcohol/wk	1.10 (0.84–1.45)	1.02 (0.79–1.32)*	0.80 (0.52–1.23)	0.44 (0.24–0.78)*	0.96 (0.60–1.53)
<30 min/day PA	1.23 (1.05–1.45)	1.08 (0.93–1.26)	1.06 (0.81–1.37)	1.18 (0.80–1.72)	1.12 (0.85–1.48)
BMI overweight	1.16 (0.94–1.32)	1.00 (0.86–1.17)	1.09 (0.82–1.44)	0.78 (0.52–1.18)	1.09 (0.81–1.47)
BMI obese	1.04 (0.77–1.40)	1.37 (1.10–1.71)*	1.11 (0.80–1.55)	1.37 (0.76–2.46)	1.35 (0.91–2.00)
Physical work–related factors
Lifting heavy loads	1.09 (0.82–1.44)	1.05 (0.76–1.02)	1.55 (0.99–2.44)	1.58 (0.85–2.94)	1.15 (0.81–1.63)
Awkward working posture	1.06 (0.84–1.34)	1.29 (1.08–1.54)*	1.41 (1.02–1.95)*	2.60 (1.51–4.46)*	1.14 (0.81–1.62)
Static working posture	1.26 (1.06–1.50)*	1.11 (0.95–1.30)	1.06 (0.81–1.38)	1.36 (0.90–2.07)	1.51 (1.11–2.06)*
Psychosocial work-related factors
Higher work demands	1.28 (1.06–1.53)*	1.06 (0.90–1.24)	1.22 (0.93–1.60)	1.08 (0.75–1.57)	0.92 (0.68–1.24)
Lower job control	0.93 (0.78–1.11)	1.19 (1.01–1.39)*	1.37 (1.04–1.82)*	1.23 (0.83–1.82)	1.05 (0.78–1.40)
Lower rewards	1.23 (1.04–1.46)*	1.12 (0.97–1.30)	1.24 (0.96–1.60)	1.18 (0.81–1.70)	1.33 (1.01–1.76)*

Adjusted for gender, age, and educational level

OR odds ratio, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, *p < 0.05