Table 2.
Occupational and leisure-time cold exposure
| Occupational cold exposure | Leisure-time cold exposure | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| None (NRS 1) | Low (NRS 2–4) | Medium (NRS 5–7) | High (NRS 8–10) | None (NRS 1) | Low (NRS 2–4) | Medium (NRS 5–7) | High (NRS 8–10) | |
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 2488 (45.7) | 981 (18.0) | 989 (18.2) | 988 (18.1) | 480 (8.6) | 1208 (21.5) | 2256 (40.2) | 1663 (29.7) |
| Female | 4525 (69.2) | 853 (13.0) | 597 (9.1) | 563 (8.6) | 986 (14.7) | 1598 (23.9) | 2448 (36.5) | 1666 (24.9) |
| Age (years) | ||||||||
| 18–31 | 908 (51.3) | 312 (17.6) | 279 (15.8) | 270 (15.3) | 181 (10.2) | 428 (24.1) | 688 (38.7) | 481 (27.1) |
| 32–44 | 1181 (55.9) | 346 (16.4) | 292 (13.8) | 293 (13.9) | 157 (7.4) | 459 (21.6) | 829 (39.1) | 677 (31.9) |
| 45–57 | 1875 (54.9) | 595 (17.4) | 473 (13.9) | 472 (13.8) | 326 (9.5) | 735 (21.5) | 1361 (39.8) | 996 (29.1) |
| 58–70 | 3049 (65.0) | 581 (12.4) | 542 (11.6) | 516 (11.0) | 802 (16.1) | 1184 (23.7) | 1826 (36.6) | 1175 (23.6) |
| Region | ||||||||
| Alpine | 1289 (49.8) | 434 (16.8) | 416 (16.1) | 449 (17.3) | 234 (8.8) | 445 (16.8) | 995 (37.5) | 982 (37.0) |
| Inland | 1787 (57.4) | 463 (14.9) | 434 (13.9) | 428 (13.8) | 371 (11.6) | 683 (21.3) | 1282 (39.9) | 876 (27.3) |
| Coastal | 3937 (62.7) | 937 (14.9) | 736 (11.7) | 674 (10.7) | 861 (13.4) | 1678 (26.1) | 2427 (37.7) | 1471 (22.9) |
| Occupation | ||||||||
| Armed forces occupations | 1 (3.1) | 2 (6.3) | 5 (15.6) | 24 (75.8) | 0 (0) | 6 (19.4) | 9 (29.0) | 16 (51.6) |
| Managers | 305 (68.7) | 83 (18.7) | 38 (8.6) | 18 (4.1) | 32 (7.2) | 83 (18.6) | 186 (41.6) | 146 (32.7) |
| Professionals | 1242 (61.8) | 335 (16.7) | 203 (10.1) | 230 (11.4) | 157 (7.8) | 483 (24.0) | 774 (38.5) | 596 (29.7) |
| Technicians and associate professionals | 687 (58.9) | 220 (18.9) | 147 (12.6) | 113 (9.7) | 79 (6.8) | 259 (22.3) | 491 (42.2) | 334 (28.7) |
| Clerical support workers | 765 (75.5) | 112 (11.1) | 67 (6.6) | 69 (6.8) | 111 (10.9) | 299 (29.5) | 379 (37.3) | 226 (22.3) |
| Service and sales workers | 974 (54.1) | 305 (16.9) | 275 (15.3) | 248 (13.8) | 214 (11.9) | 399 (22.2) | 698 (38.8) | 490 (27.2) |
| Skilled agricultural, forestry, and fishery workers | 18 (8.5) | 15 (7.1) | 37 (17.5) | 142 (67.0) | 16 (7.5) | 20 (9.3) | 62 (29.0) | 116 (54.2) |
| Crafts and related trades workers | 151 (23.3) | 120 (18.5) | 184 (28.4) | 192 (29.7) | 27 (4.2) | 125 (19.3) | 300 (46.4) | 194 (30.0) |
| Plant and machine operators and assemblers | 180 (24.3) | 163 (22.0) | 204 (27.6) | 193 (26.1) | 51 (6.9) | 130 (17.6) | 309 (41.8) | 250 (33.8) |
| Elementary occupations | 125 (43.3) | 56 (19.4) | 43 (14.9) | 65 (22.5) | 43 (14.9) | 87 (30.1) | 90 (31.1) | 69 (23.9) |
| Self-employed | 86 (37.6) | 42 (18.3) | 52 (22.7) | 49 (21.4) | 15 (6.6) | 45 (19.7) | 94 (41.0) | 75 (32.8) |
| Students | 433 (65.3) | 123 (18.6) | 69 (10.4) | 38 (5.7) | 102 (15.2) | 184 (27.5) | 247 (36.9) | 136 (20.3) |
| Unemployed | – | – | – | – | 47 (19.8) | 62 (26.2) | 69 (29.1) | 59 (24.9) |
| Parental leave | – | – | – | – | 2 (3.1) | 11 (16.9) | 29 (44.6) | 23 (35.4) |
| Sick leave | – | – | – | – | 35 (20.8) | 37 (22.0) | 58 (34.5) | 38 (22.6) |
| Retired | – | – | – | – | 437 (19.8) | 493 (22.4) | 782 (35.5) | 490 (22.3) |
Self-estimated occupational and leisure-time cold exposure was reported on a ten-point numerical rating scale (NRS) and then separately categorized into four groups ranging from low to high exposures. The exposure was then stratified according to sex, age, region, and occupation. For study subjects that were unemployed, retired, or on parental or sick leave, occupational cold exposure data have been omitted. Data are presented as numbers with percentage within brackets
NRS numerical rating scale