Table 1. Clinical characteristic of diabetic patients.
| Characteristic | Patients examined at daytime | Patients examined at nighttime | All patients |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 7 | 26 | 33 |
| Sex, male/female | 5/2 | 11/15 | 16/17 |
| Age, yr | 65.9±13.0 | 58.5±15.8 | 60.0±15.4 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26.0±2.4 | 24.7±5.4 | 24.9±4.9 |
| Duration, yr | 12.4±10.7 | 12.3±10.7 | 12.3±10.6 |
| Fasting blood glucose, mg/dL | 165.4±61.9 | 159.4±69.2 | 160.7±66.8 |
| HbA1c, % | 10.1±2.3 | 9.7±2.6 | 9.8±2.5 |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | 66.0±20.4 | 73.4±29.7 | 71.9±27.9 |
| C-peptide, ng/mL | 2.1±1.2 | 2.3±2.3 | 2.3±2.1 |
| No. of cases of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 of eGFR | 1 | 6 | 7 |
| No. of cases of <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 of eGFR | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Type of diabetes | |||
| Type 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Type 2 | 7 | 22 | 29 |
| Others | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Medications | |||
| DPP-4 inhibitor | 2 | 11 | 13 |
| Sulfonylureas | 1 | 6 | 7 |
| α-Glucosidase inhibitors | 1 | 5 | 6 |
| Glinides | 0 | 3 | 3 |
| Biguanide | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Thiazolidine | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| GLP-1 receptor agonist | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Insulin | 6 | 18 | 24 |
Values are presented as mean±standard deviation.
HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1.