Table 2.
Univariate and multivariate analysis for the development of chronic kidney disease stage 3 or greater (eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and preserved kidney function
| Variable | Univariate analysis |
Multivariate analysis |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR | p value | HR | 95% CI | p value | |
| Male sex | 1.42 | 0.325 | 5.57 | 1.44–21.50 | 0.013 |
| Age, yr | 1.04 | 0.020 | 1.11 | 1.04–1.19 | 0.002 |
| BMI, ≥ 25 kg/m2 | 0.06 | 0.465 | 0.14 | 0.82–1.13 | 0.382 |
| Duration of diabetes, yr | 1.13 | 0.002 | 1.19 | 1.08–1.31 | 0.001 |
| Hypertension, yes | 1.58 | 0.193 | 1.03 | 0.36–2.90 | 0.962 |
| SBP, mmHg | 1.01 | 0.342 | 0.89 | 0.73–1.23 | 0.678 |
| HbA1c, ≥ 7% | 1.32 | 0.447 | 0.58 | 0.34–0.97 | 0.039 |
| Hemoglobin | 0.75 | 0.021 | 0.58 | 0.37–0.87 | 0.072 |
| LDL-C, ≥ 100 mg/dL | 1.58 | 0.209 | 2.14 | 1.35–1.67 | 0.725 |
| HDL-C, ≤ 40 mg/dL (M), ≤ 50 mg/dL (F) | 1.04 | 0.908 | 1.62 | 1.12–1.53 | 0.438 |
| Triglycerides, ≥ 150 mg/dL | 1.34 | 0.423 | 1.21 | 1.32–1.84 | 0.376 |
| Total bilirubin | |||||
| Q1 | 6.75 | 0.011 | 3.20 | 0.51–20.11 | 0.215 |
| Q2 | 4.57 | 0.053 | 9.36 | 1.33–65.73 | 0.024 |
| Q3 | 2.40 | 0.297 | 2.47 | 0.23–26.51 | 0.454 |
| Q4 | 1.00 | 0.027 | 1.00 | - | 0.039 |
| Diabetic retinopathy, yes | 1.85 | 0.099 | 1.12 | 0.62–1.42 | 0.524 |
| Lipid-lowering agent, yes | 0.69 | 0.296 | 0.83 | 0.52–1.24 | 0.243 |
| RAS inhibitor, yes | 2.38 | 0.027 | 1.45 | 0.44–4.78 | 0.545 |
Quartiles of serum total bilirubin are as follows: ≤ 0.55, 0.55–0.71, 0.71–0.88, and > 0.88.
eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; LDL-C, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; RAS, renin-angiotensin system.