Table 2.

Serum Markers of Insulin Resistance, Cytokines, and Adipokines: Overall and by Number of Metabolic Abnormalities

Variable	Overall (n = 0)	0 (n = 11)	1 (n = 13)	2–3 (n = 16)	P value for trend
Insulin (μIU/mL)	8.8 [5.1–12.5]	9.1 [8.2–12.5]	6.8 [3.7–11.8]	9.0 [5.0–12.6]	0.52
HOMA-IR	4.3 [3.3–5.5]	4.2 [3.2–5.4]	3.8 [2.5–5.3]	4.6 [4.0–6.0]	0.62
IL-6 (pg/mL)	1.0 [0.5–1.5]	1.1 [0.5–1.4]	0.6 [0.4–1.1]	1.4 [0.7–2.2]	0.70
Resistin (ng/mL)	6.7 [4.4–9.3]	6.8 [4.6–12.7]	5.8 [4.1–8.0]	7.7 [4.3–9.4]	0.87
Adipsin (μg/mL)	3.1 [2.7–3.7]	2.9 [2.6–3.3]	2.9 [2.5–3.4]	3.5 [2.8–3.9]	0.13
Adiponectin (μg/mL)	13.5 [10.9–16.6]	10.9 [7.9–18.5]	13.7 [11.2–15.1]	14.0 [11.1–16.9]	0.36
Ghrelin (pg/mL)	231.6 [219.9–244.2]	240.5 [235.8–254.3]	232.2 [218.8–254.4]	224.4 [220.1–236.7]	0.86
Visfatin (ng/mL)	8.9 [6.7–10.4]	7.5 [6.6–11.3]	9.6 [5.8–10.8]	8.7 [7.6–9.5]	0.31
Leptin (μg/mL)	28.4 [15.5–45.7]	15.5 [12.1–43.8]	32.1 [17.4–43.6]	28.4 [17.4–48.6]	0.28
TNF-alpha (pg/mL)	11.8 [9.5–13.3]	9.7 [9.5–12.8]	12.5 [11.4–13.6]	11.6 [8.9–13.6]	0.60

Data presented as median [p25–p75].

HOMA-IR, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance; IL-6, interleukin-6; TNF-alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha.