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. 2017 Aug 29;8:1452. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01452

Table 1.

Summary of the mixed model for the analysis of the damage caused by the pine weevil on young pine trees of three pine populations after 6 days of feeding under a factorial combination of light availability (sunlight/darkness) applied to the plant and to the insect.

Total debarked area

Effect DF F p > F
Light on plant (LP) 1,54 0.0 0.859
Light on insect (LI) 1,54 9.7 0.003
LP × LI 1,54 0.3 0.564
Pine population (POP) 2,54 3.3 0.044
LP × POP 2,54 0.2 0.814
LI × POP 2,54 2.1 0.130
LP × LI × POP 2,54 1.6 0.207
Weevil weight 1,54 4.0 0.051

Degrees of freedom (DF), F ratios, and associated probability levels are shown. Significant effects (p < 0.05) are highlighted in bold font. The size of pine weevils (weevil weight) was included as a covariate in the model.