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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 5.
Published in final edited form as: Appetite. 2016 Apr 11;103:171–175. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.04.009

Table 1.

Prevalence and adjusted odds ratio’s of agreement that it is important for baby and toddler foods to be low in sodium, N = 6378.a

Characteristic N Agreement with importance of baby and toddler foods being low in sodium
%b 95% CI AORc 95%CI
Sex
Male 1741 61.7 59.3–64.2 Ref
Female 2602 74.0 71.9–76.1 1.8* 1.5–2.1
Age, y
18–34 837 65.8 62.5–69.1 Ref
35–44 881 66.1 62.2–69.9 1.0 0.8–1.3
45–54 1193 67.4 64.0–70.8 1.1 0.9–1.3
55–64 713 66.6 62.7–70.5 1.1 0.8–1.3
65+ 719 75.7 72.2–79.1 1.6* 1.3–2.1
Race/ethnicity
White, non-Hispanic 3187 67.0 65.2–68.8 Ref
Black, non-Hispanic 435 72.3 67.1–77.5 1.3 1.0–1.7
Other, non-Hispanic 157 78.2 70.9–85.5 2.0* 1.3–3.0
Hispanic 457 65.0 59.8–70.1 0.9 0.7–1.2
2 + Race, non-Hispanicd 107 72.2 62.4–82.0 1.3 0.8–2.1
Education
Less than high school 250 66.0 60.0–71.9 0.9 0.6–1.2
High school 1028 69.3 66.2–72.3 1.0 0.8–1.2
Some college 1406 66.5 63.7–69.3 0.9 0.8–1.1
Bachelor’s degree or higher 1659 69.1 66.4–71.7 Ref
Household income
< $25 000 682 67.1 63.0–71.2 0.9 0.7–1.2
$25 000–$39 999 615 70.6 66.4–74.7 1.1 0.8–1.3
$40 000–$59 999 746 67.9 63.9–71.8 1.0 0.8–1.2
≥ $60 000 2300 67.6 65.4–69.8 Ref
Region of residence
Northeast 801 70.1 66.5–73.7 1.0 0.8–1.2
Midwest 1108 65.9 62.6–69.2 0.9 0.7–1.1
South 1462 69.6 66.9–72.3 Ref
West 972 65.8 62.3–69.4 0.8 0.7–1.0
BMIe
<25 1591 67.8 65.1–70.5 Ref
25–30 1473 67.3 64.5–70.2 1.1 0.9–1.3
≥ 30 1279 69.1 66.1–72.0 1.1 0.9–1.4
Are you a parent of at least 1 child under the age of 2 years?
Yes 316 82.3 77.1–87.4 2.8* 1.9–4.2
No 4027 66.6 65.0–68.3 Ref
Self-reported high blood pressure
Yes 1145 72.9 69.8–76.0 1.3* 1.1–1.6
No 3198 66.3 64.4–68.2 Ref
Self-reported high cholesterol
Yes 1033 74.6 71.5–77.7 1.4* 1.2–1.7
No 3310 66.1 64.2–68.0 Ref
Cardiovascular disease history
Yes 70 73.6 61.0–86.2 1.3 0.7–2.4
No 4273 67.9 66.3–69.5 Ref
How harmful to your health is eating too much salt/sodium?
Not at all harmful 56 30.5 21.7–39.4 Ref
A little harmful 802 53.1 49.5–56.6 2.6* 1.7–4.0
Somewhat harmful 1779 67.7 65.1–70.3 4.7* 3.1–7.2
Very harmful 1706 82.7 80.4–85.0 10.6* 6.8–16.4
Are you currently watching or reducing your sodium/salt intake?
Yes 2133 79.3 77.2–81.5 2.7* 2.3–3.2
No 2210 58.8 56.6–61.1 Ref

Note. AOR, adjusted odds ratio; BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference category;

*

indicates p-value < 0.05.

a

N is unweighted. All other values are weighted by sex, age, household income, race/ethnicity, household size, education, census region, metro status, and prior internet access to match the 2011 Current Population Survey (United States Census Bureau, 2012).

b

Weighted proportion of respondents who somewhat agree and strongly agree (combined) with “It is important for baby and toddler foods to be low in sodium”. Not shown is the proportion of respondents with combined neither agree nor disagree, somewhat disagree and strongly disagree response.

c

Odds ratio of agreeing (combined somewhat and strongly agree) vs. everyone else (combined neither agree nor disagree, somewhat disagree, and strongly disagree) adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity.

d

Two or more non-Hispanic races/ethnicities.

e

BMI < 25 includes underweight respondents (<18.5); however, percent agreement was not significantly different for individuals who are underweight (N = 81) compared to average weight respondents.