Table 2.
Results of the 10 studies included in the review
| Study | Type of outcome | Outcome by group (US, CS, or CS+) | Difference between groups (95% CI)* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Holen, 200222 | Overall treatment rate
|
US: 72†/7489 (9.6/1000); CS+: 66†/7689 (8.6/1000)
|
US v CS+: 1/1000 (−2.0 to 4.1)
|
| Rate of late diagnosed DDH
|
US: 1/7489 (0.13/1000); CS+: 5/7689 (0.65/1000)
|
US v CS+: −0.5/1000 (−1.4 to 0.2)
|
|
| Adverse events | US: No reports (0/1000); CS+: 1/7689 (0.13/1000) | US v CS+: −0.13/1000‡ | |
| Rosendahl, 199421 | Overall treatment rate
|
US: 123/3613 (34.0/1000); CS+: 89/4388 (20.3/1000); CS: 71/3924 (18.1/1000)
|
US v CS: 15.9/1000 (8.8 to 23.4); US v CS+: 13.8/1000 (6.6 to 21.2); CS+ v CS:2.2/1000 (−3.8 to 8.1)
|
| Rate of late diagnosed DDH | US: 5/3613 (1.4/1000); CS+: 9/4388 (2.1/1000); CS: 10/3924 (2.5/1000) | US v CS: −1.2/1000 (−3.4 to 1.0); US v CS+: −0.7/1000 (−2.7 to 1.4); CS+ v CS: −0.5/1000 (−2.8 to 1.7) | |
| Clegg, 199016 | Mean number of patients treated surgically per year
|
US: 2.5; CS+: 5.4; CS: 6.5
|
US v CS: −4.0‡; US v CS+: −2.9‡; CS+ v CS: −1.1‡
|
| Mean age at time of first operation | US: 6.7 months: CS+: 14.2 months; CS: 12.4 months | US v CS: −5.7; US v CS+: −7.5; CS+ v CS: 1.8 | |
| Eggl, 199323 | Surgical treatment rate | US (established): 18/23700 (0.8/1000); US (Introduction): 32/24000 (1.3/1000); CS: 86/41500 (2.1/1000) | US (established) v CS: −1.3/1000 (−1.9 to −0.7); US (introduction) v CS: −0.7/1000 (−1.4 to −0.1); US (established) v US introducing period: −0.6/1000 (−1.2 to 0.0) |
| Grill, 199717 | Overall treatment rate
|
US (1994): 70/1000: CS (1985): 130/1000
|
US v CS: −60/1000‡
|
| Surgery (open reduction) rate | US (1994): 0.24/1000; CS (1991) 0.31/1000 | US v CS: 0.07/1000‡ | |
| Krolo, 200326 | Overall treatment rate§ | US: 66†/2010 (32.8/1000); CS: 122†/7158 (17.0/1000) | US v CS: 15.8/1000 (8.1 to 24.9) |
| Maj, 198924 | Overall treatment rate
|
US: 53/382 (138.7/1000); CS (1983-4): 64/352 (181/1000); CS (1984-5): 49/355 (138/1000); CS (1985-6): 43/333 (129.1/1000)
|
US v CS (1985-6): 9.6/1000 (−41.3 to 59.4)
|
| Mean (SD) duration of treatment (weeks) | US: 7.8 (3.7); CS (1983-4): 11.5 (4.6); CS (1984-5): 10.7 (4.6); CS (1985-6): 11.6 (6.5) | US v CS (1985-6): −3.8 (−4.59 to 3.01) | |
| Malkawi, 199725‡ | Overall treatment rate
|
US (12 hours): 85/1823 (46.6/1000); US (3 months): 14/1077 (13.0/1000)
|
US (12 hours) v US (3 months): 33.6/1000 (21.3 to 45.5)
|
| Average duration of treatment
|
US (12 hours): 1.16 months (range not reported); US (3 months): 2.9 months (range 6 weeks to 4 months)
|
−1.74 months‡
|
|
| Adverse events | No cases of avascular necrosis | ||
| Tegnander, 199427 | Late detected DDH | US (university hospital): 4/5403 (0.7/1000); CS (university hospital): 42/15950 (2.6/1000); CS (district hospitals): 34/6411 (5.3/1000) | US v CS (university hospitals): −1.9 (−2.9 to −0.5) |
| Roovers, 200420 | Referrals for diagnosis
|
US: 393†/5170 (76/1000); CS: 379†/2066 (192/1000)
|
US v CS: −116.1/1000 (−135.0 to −98.1)
|
| Overall treatment rate
|
US: 269†/5170 (52/1000); CS: 72†/2066 (35/1000)
|
US v CS: 17.2/1000 (6.7 to 26.7)
|
|
| Late detected DDH
|
US: 31†/5170 (6/1000); CS: 17†/2066 (8/1000)
|
US v CS: −2.2/1000 (−7.5 to 1.7)
|
|
| Surgical (inpatient) treatment rate | US: 5†/5170 (1/1000); CS: 6†/2066 (3/1000) | US v CS: −1.9/1000 (−5.4 to 0.1) |
US=ultrasound screening; CS=clinical screening only; CS+=clinical screening plus selective use of ultrasonography (see note table 1). See also table 1 for more detail about groups.
*
Absolute risk difference for proportions, mean difference for means.
†
Numerator calculated from percentage reported in primary study.
‡
CI (confidence interval) not calculated owing to lack of information on denominator or variance.
§
Based on numbers with DDH—not stated if actually treated.