a, Administration of a cocktail of dopamine receptor antagonists prevented the light-induced increases in struggling during the tail suspension test. When animals were tested again on day 2 and infused with saline, the behavioral effects of optically reactivating a positive memory were observed (two-way ANOVA with repeated measures followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test, *P<0.05, n = 9 per group). b, Animals in which a positive memory was optically activated during the tail suspension test or sucrose preference test showed acute increases in time struggling or preference for sucrose; this change in behavior did not persist when tested again on day 2 (within subjects ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post-hoc test), n = 9. n.s. not significant. Data are means +/− SEM.