[Table/Fig-1]:
Basic characteristics and laboratory findings of all patients.
| Basic characteristics | Normal range | Mean±SD | Without acanthosis | With acanthosis | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | |||||
| Male | - | 25 | 6 (26.1%) | 19 (39.6%) | 0.2 |
| Female | - | 46 | 17 (73.9%) | 29 (60.4%) | |
| BMI | BMI<85th percentile considering age and gender | 26.4±3.5 | 24.6±3.1 | 27.3±3.3 | 0.002 |
| FBS (mg/dl) | 70-105 | 94±6 | 93.6±5.6 | 94.5±6.7 | 0.5 |
| Insulin (uU/ml) | 1.1-17 | 22.9±16.3 | 14.1±7.6 | 27.1±17.6 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | <2.5 | 5.3±3.7 | 3.2±1.8 | 6.2±4 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | |||||
| <2.5 | 12 (52.2%) | 8 (16.7%) | 0.002 | ||
| >2.5 | 11 (47.8%) | 40 (83.3%) | |||
| TG (mg/dl) | 35-135 | 143±69 | 116±44 | 156±76 | 0.006 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dl) | Child: 120-200 Adult: 150-200 |
185±29 | 185±25 | 185±31 | 0.9 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | >34 | 46±11 | 50.1±14 | 44.7±9.5 | 0.06 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | Dessirbale: 13 Moderate risk: 130-159 High risk>160 |
109±26 | 105.6±20.1 | 111.1±29.1 | 0.4 |
| AST (unit/L) | Up to 37 | 28±12 | 24±7 | 30.4±14.6 | 0.01 |
| ALT (unit/L) | Up to 40 | 29±24 | 33.1±38 | 27.5±13.3 | 0.3 |
| ALP (IU/L) | 180-200 | 686±143 | 683.2±151 | 687±141 | 0.9 |
| TSH | 1-6 days: 0.7-15.2 2-20 weeks: 1.7-9.1 Adult: 0.3-5 |
2.7±1.1 | 2.7±1 | 2.8±1.1 | 0.6 |
| fT4 (ng/dl) | 0.8-2 | 9.5±1.6 | 9.8±1 | 9.4±1.8 | 0.2 |
| Vitamin D | Less than 10 nM=deficiency, Between 10 and 29 nM=insufficiency, Between 30 and 100 nM=sufficient |
11±6.5 | 9.8±4.6 | 11.6±7.3 | 0.2 |
| Calcium (mg/dl) | 8.6-10.3 | 9.7±0.45 | 9.7±0.3 | 9.8±0.4 | 0.6 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dl) | >14 years: 2.7-4.5<14 years: 4.7-6.7 | 5±0.6 | 5.2±0.4 | 4.9±0.6 | 0.06 |
| SBP | SBP<90th percentile considering age, gender and height | 105 | 106±7 | 107±9 | 0.4 |
| DBP | DBP<90th percentile considering age, gender and height | 65 | 63±10 | 65±10 | 0.2 |
Abbreviations: BMI: Body mass index, FBS: Fasting blood sugar, HOMA-IR: Homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance, TG: Triglycerides, HDL: High-density lipoprotein, LDL: Low-density lipoprotein, ALP: Alkaline phosphatase, TSH: Thyroid-stimulating hormone, fT4: Free thyroxin, SBP: Systolic blood pressure, DBP: Diastolic blood pressure. Significant P value is 0.05