Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2017 Aug 31;8:636. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00636

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

Copyright © 2017 Marini, Santangeli, Saarelainen, Middleton, Chowdhury, Skene, Costa, Porkka-Heiskanen and Montagnese.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

PMC Copyright notice

Hourly distribution of the time (minutes; mean ± SEM) spent in Wakefulness/NREM/REM at baseline (open symbols) and during the recovery period (closed symbols) in control (A; n = 8, circles) and hyperammonemic rats (B; n = 6, triangles). Analysis of recovery was performed on both the 9–16 h (gray portion of the graphs) and 9–24 h intervals. Statistical analysis of wakefulness, NREM and REM (presented in Table 1), was performed by comparing the differences between baseline and sleep deprivation in the control group (A) as well as baseline and sleep deprivation in the ammonium-treated group (B) [repeated measures ANOVA of the mathematical difference between baseline and recovery (in minutes), by group; Table 1].