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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Sep 5.
Published in final edited form as: J Affect Disord. 2016 May 27;202:163–170. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.057

Table 3.

Adjusted hazard ratios of the effect of depressive symptoms on all-cause-mortality among older adults. Cox regression models.

Characteristics Total sample
Prevalent AD sample
Incident AD sample
Model 1a Model 2b Model 3c Model 1a Model 2b Model 3c Model 1a Model 2b Model 3c
HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI) HR (95% CI)
CES-D depression (Ref. No) 1.32***
(1.13, 1.54)		 1.31**
(1.10, 1.57)		 1.22*
(1.02, 1.46)		 0.88
(0.61, 1.28)		 1.05
(0.57, 1.94)		 1.07
(0.57, 2.03)		 1.70*
(1.08, 2.67)		 1.74*
(1.08, 2.67)		 1.88*
(1.12,3.18)
CES-D severity(continuous) 1.07***
(1.03, 1.1)		 1.06**
(1.02, 1.1)		 1.04**
(1.01, 1.08)		 0.99
(0.92, 1.06)		 1.06
(0.95, 1.19)		 1.06
(0.94, 1.19)		 1.13*
(1.02, 1.21)		 1.11*
(1.00, 1.22)		 1.12*
(1.01, 1.23)

Abbreviations: AD = Alzheimer’s Disease; CES-D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale; CI=Confidence Interval; HR= Hazard Ratio.

Note: Definition of the CES-D variables were based on the CES-D questionnaire, using a cutoff of ≥ 4.

a

Model 1 adjusted for age, gender, education and ethnicity.

b

Model 2 adjusted for age, gender, education, ethnicity, smoking status, alcohol consumption and APOE4 (only in the AD samples).

c

Model 3 adjusted for age, gender, education, ethnicity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, APOE4 (only in the AD samples), diabetes mellitus, hypertension, stroke, heart disease and prevalent AD (only in the total sample).

*

p < 0.05

**

p < 0.01

***

p < 0.001.