Table 3.
Logistic regression analysis of factors associated with catastrophic out-of-pocket payments for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in general and specialised cardiac hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2015
| Covariates | OR | 95% CI | p Value | |
| Income quintiles | Q1 | 58.6 | 16.52 to 208.0 | 0.00 |
| Q2 | 39.0 | 11.87 to 128.24 | 0.00 | |
| Q3 | 20.9 | 6.97 to 62.92 | 0.00 | |
| Q4 | 6.9 | 2.4 to 19.99 | 0.00 | |
| Q5 | 1 | |||
| Residence | Addis Ababa | 1 | ||
| Outside Addis Ababa | 3.25 | 1.79 to 5.90 | 0.00 | |
| Type of hospital visited | Public | 1 | ||
| Private | 20.71 | 10.21 to 42.05 | 0.00 | |
| Received inpatient care for CVD over the past 12 months | No | 1 | ||
| Yes | 8.39 | 4.24 to 16.59 | 0.00 | |
| Diagnosis* | IHD | 1.15 | 0.65 to 2.06 | 0.63 |
| Stroke | 4.10 | 1.82 to 9.18 | 0.01 | |
| Hypertension or Dyslipidaemia | 1 | |||
| Household size | Household size | 1.20 | 1.06 to 1.36 | 0.04 |
| Age of participants | Patient’s age | 1.00 | 0.98 to 1.02 | 0.02 |
| Duration since diagnosed | Duration since diagnosed | 0.99 | 0.98 to 0.99 | 0.05 |
| Occupation of participants | Employed† | 1.07 | 0.44 to 2.58 | 0.88 |
| Private business | 0.91 | 0.38 to 2.17 | 0.84 | |
| Housewife/househusband | 1.34 | 0.67 to 2.65 | 0.41 | |
| Retired | 1 | |||
| Others | 1.23 | 0.36 to 4.14 | 0.73 |
*IHD stands for ischaemic heart disease, Q1 for poorest quintile and Q5 stands for richest quintile. †Includes government and private employees.
CVD, cardiovascular disease.