Table 3. Odds of GDM per increases in environmental pollutant concentrations in biological samples (calculated in regard to doubled exposure and for tertile groups).
| Environmental pollutant | Concentration range | OR (95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted models | Adjusted modelsa | ||
| Serum ΣPCB | per doubling of exposure | 1.11 (0.83, 1.49) | 0.97 (0.71, 1.33) |
| 0.06-0.93 μg/g-lipid | 1 | 1 | |
| 0.94-1.70 μg/g-lipid | 1.18 (0.55, 2.55) | 1.08 (0.49, 2.39) | |
| 1.71-11.8 μg/g-lipid | 1.61 (0.78, 3.34) | 1.26 (0.57, 2.75) | |
| Serum DDE | per doubling of exposure | 1.33 (1.00, 1.77) | 1.29 (0.94, 1.77) |
| 0.04-0.37 μg/g-lipid | 1 | 1 | |
| 0.38-0.73 μg/g-lipid | 1.26 (0.49, 3.30) | 1.17 (0.44, 3.09) | |
| 0.74-11.4 μg/g-lipid | 2.11 (0.88, 5.10) | 1.89 (0.75, 4.76) | |
| Serum PFOS | per doubling of exposure | 0.89 (0.44, 1.80) | 0.86 (0.43, 1.70) |
| 9.3-24.3 ng/mL | 1 | 1 | |
| 24.4-30.8 ng/mL | 0.83 (0.42, 1.65) | 0.85 (0.43, 1.70) | |
| 30.9-68.8 ng/mL | 0.57 (0.27, 1.21) | 0.56 (0.26, 1.19) | |
| Serum PFOA | per doubling of exposure | 0.79 (0.45, 1.36) | 0.79 (0.44, 1.41) |
| 0.82-2.79 ng/mL | 1 | 1 | |
| 2.80-3.80 ng/mL | 1.06 (0.54, 2.09) | 1.01 (0.50, 2.06) | |
| 3.81-8.43 ng/mL | 0.65 (0.30, 1.39) | 0.66 (0.30, 1.48) | |
| Serum PFHxS | per doubling of exposure | 1.05 (0.82, 1.34) | 1.03 (0.80, 1.33) |
| 0.62-2.90 ng/mL | 1 | 1 | |
| 2.91-7.32 ng/mL | 0.99 (0.48, 2.03) | 0.98 (0.47, 2.05) | |
| 7.33-26.4 ng/mL | 1.06 (0.52, 2.15) | 1.00 (0.48, 2.07) | |
| Serum PFDA | per doubling of exposure | 1.29 (0.81, 2.06) | 1.20 (0.73, 1.96) |
| 0.03-0.22 ng/mL | 1 | 1 | |
| 0.23-0.33 ng/mL | 2.08 (1.00, 4.32) | 1.97 (0.94, 4.12) | |
| 0.34-1.22 ng/mL | 1.17 (0.53, 2.59) | 1.02 (0.45, 2.30) | |
| Serum PFNA | per doubling of exposure | 0.99 (0.61, 1.63) | 0.88 (0.53, 1.47) |
| 0.12-0.50 ng/mL | 1 | 1 | |
| 0.51-0.70 ng/mL | 0.70 (0.34, 1.45) | 0.62 (0.30, 1.30) | |
| 0.71-2.51 ng/mL | 0.81 (0.40, 1.62) | 0.65 (0.31, 1.36) | |
| Hair mercury | per doubling of exposure | 0.81 (0.65, 1.01) | 0.79 (0.62, 0.99) |
| 0.02-1.51 μg/g | 1 | 1 | |
| 1.52-3.43 μg /g | 0.93 (0.45, 1.90) | 0.92 (0.44, 1.90) | |
| 3.44-32.8 μg/g | 0.75 (0.35, 1.59) | 0.73 (0.34, 1.59) | |
| Cord blood mercury | per doubling of exposure | 0.88 (0.67, 1.15) | 0.87 (0.66, 1.15) |
| 1.57-8.61 μg/L | 1 | 1 | |
| 8.62-17.8 μg/L | 1.09 (0.53, 2.23) | 1.08 (0.52, 2.26) | |
| 17.9-192.8 μg/L | 0.74 (0.34, 1.61) | 0.73 (0.33, 1.62) | |
a
Models adjusted for maternal age at delivery, education, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI (continuous) and smoking during pregnancy.
GDM: gestational diabetes mellitus