Table 2.
Univariate Analysis of Hematoma Expansion
| Characteristic | Patients, No. (%)
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Development Cohort (n = 784)
|
Replication Cohort (n = 245)
|
|||||
| Hematoma Expansion | No Expansion | P Value | Hematoma Expansion | No Expansion | P Value | |
| Total No. (%) | 163 (20.8) | 621 (79.2) | 61 (24.9) | 184 (75.1) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 73.4 (11.2) | 71.3 (13.2) | .06 | 73.4 (11.2) | 71.3 (13.2) | .16 |
|
| ||||||
| Female sex | 54 (33.1) | 294 (47.3) | .04 | 27 (44.3) | 88 (47.8) | .70 |
|
| ||||||
| Warfarin use | 51 (31.3) | 112 (18.0) | <.001 | 19 (31.1) | 20 (10.9) | <.001 |
|
| ||||||
| SBP, mean (SD), mm Hg | 173.5 (35.5) | 180.3 (34.6) | .12 | 176.8 (35.4) | 171.7 (33.2) | .16 |
|
| ||||||
| GCS score, mean (SD) | 11 (4.2) | 11 (4) | .14 | 9.6 (5) | 11 (3.9) | .02 |
|
| ||||||
| Time from symptom onset to baseline CT | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| ≤6 h (Reference) | 96 (58.9) | 297 (47.8) | 44 (72.1) | 85 (46.2) | ||
|
| ||||||
| >6 h | 27 (16.6) | 196 (31.6) | <.001 | 3 (4.9) | 26 (14.1) | <.001 |
|
| ||||||
| Unknown | 25 (15.3) | 143 (23.0) | 13 (21.3) | 72 (39.1) | ||
|
| ||||||
| Baseline ICH volume, mean (SD), cm3 | 34.6 (31.3) | 25 (27.2) | <.001 | 40.1 (33.4) | 26.7 (28.5) | .003 |
|
| ||||||
| Baseline IVH volume, mean (SD), cm3 | 8.6 (20.6) | 5.4 (12.3) | <.001 | 10.7 (33.2) | 5.5 (12.8) | .12 |
|
| ||||||
| Presence of spot sign,a No./Total No. (%) | 40/91 (44.0) | 54/425 (12.7) | <.001 | 34/57 (59.6) | 39/177 (22.0) | <.001 |
|
| ||||||
| Hypodensities | 86 (52.8) | 136 (21.9) | <.001 | 43 (70.5) | 55 (29.9) | <.001 |
|
| ||||||
| Type 1 | 41 (25.2) | 57 (9.2) | <.001 | 21 (34.4) | 31 (16.8) | .01 |
|
| ||||||
| Type 2 | 61 (37.4) | 70 (11.3) | <.001 | 26 (42.6) | 25 (13.6) | <.001 |
|
| ||||||
| Type 3 | 25 (15.3) | 52 (8.4) | <.001 | 14 (23.0) | 14 (7.6) | .002 |
|
| ||||||
| Type 4 | 12 (7.4) | 10 (1.6) | .003 | 7 (11.5) | 3 (1.6) | .003 |
|
| ||||||
| Swirl signb | 52 (31.9) | 89 (14.3) | <.001 | 27 (44.3) | 38 (20.7) | <.001 |
|
| ||||||
| Blend signc | 27 (16.6) | 84 (13.5) | .12 | 5 (8.2) | 25 (13.6) | .11 |
|
| ||||||
| Heterogeneousd | 62 (38.0) | 110 (17.7) | <.001 | 42 (68.9) | 67 (36.4) | <.001 |
|
| ||||||
| Irregulard | 93 (57.1) | 275 (44.3) | <.001 | 45 (73.8) | 88 (47.8) | <.001 |
|
| ||||||
| Fluid level | 7 (4.3) | 29 (4.7) | >.99 | 7 (11.5) | 53 (28.8) | .002 |
Abbreviations: CT, computed tomography; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ICH, intracerebral hemorrhage; IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage; SBP, systolic blood pressure.
a
Data available for 154 patients in the development and 232 patients in the replication cohort.
b
According to Selariu et al.22
c
According to Li et al.28
d
According to Barras et al21 (score for heterogeneity/irregularity ≥3).