Table 1.
Summary of survival and developmental deformities observed in F0 embryos at 14 dpf following exposure to ERSE, hypoxia, or co-exposure (n = 25 ~ 34). Treatments compared to their concurrant controls.
| Treatments | Time to hatch (dpf) | Survival (%) | Total altered individuals (%) | Pericardial edema (Pc) (%) | Swim bladder non-inflation (Sb) (%) | Craniofacial abnormality (Cb) (%) | Deformity index |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0% ERSE | 8.8 ± 1.1 | 94.3 ± 7.8 | 2.8 ± 6.3 | 0 | 0 | 2.8 ± 6.3 | 0.022 ± 0.05 |
| 0.1% ERSE | 8.3 ± 0.6 | 97.1 ± 6.4 | 5.7 ± 7.8 | 3.5 ± 7.1 | 0 | 0 | 0.033 ± 0.07 |
| 0.5% ERSE | 8.7 ± 1.1 | 93.3 ± 10.2 | 9.6 ± 6.7 | 6.1 ± 7.2 | 6.1 ± 7.2 | 3.5 ± 7.1 | 0.07 ± 0.08 |
| 1.0% ERSE | 8.6 ± 1.5 | 73.6 ± 10.2a | 26.7 ± 12.2a | 26.7 ± 12.2a | 11.3 ± 10.4 | 7.3 ± 10.11 | 0.22 ± 0.31a |
| H1 | 12.7 ± 0.8a,b | 80.1 ± 12.8 | 39.9 ± 15.4a | 9.0 ± 13.1 | 35.9 ± 10.8 | 9.0 ± 13.1 | 0.28 ± 0.21a,b |
| H1+0.1%ERSE | 13.1 ± 0.8a,b | 68.6 ± 6.4a | 64.0 ± 21.9a,b | 30.0 ± 14.1a,b | 59.1 ± 12.4a,b | 34.0 ± 13.4a,b | 0.41 ± 0.3a,b |
| H2 | 10.8 ± 0.7a,b,c,d | 80.0 ± 23.9 | 36.5 ± 12.9a | 9.8 ± 12.1 | 32.4 ± 16.5a | 9.8 ± 12.2 | 0.09 ± 0.03c |
| H2+ 0.1% ERSE | 10.8 ± 0.6a,b,c,d | 85.7 ± 17.5 | 35.7 ± 23.3a | 8.3 ± 14.4 | 29.0 ± 25.8a | 24.0 ± 14.6 | 0.19 ± 0.14d |
| H3 | 10.9 ± 1.2a,b | 88.6 ± 11.9 | 22.6 ± 8.1a | 0 | 6.2 ± 8.5 | 9.5 ± 8.7 | 0.07 ± 0.05c |
| H3+0.1% ERSE | 11.0 ± 1.0a,b,c | 82.1 ± 21.4 | 29.6 ± 14.2a | 8.6 ± 10.2 | 16.1 ± 23.6 | 9.8 ± 12.2 | 0.15 ± 0.12d |
a
indicates significant difference from control (p < 0.05);
b
indicates significant difference from 0.1% ERSE (p < 0.05);
c
indicates significant difference from H1 (p < 0.05);
d
indicates significant difference from H1+0.1 % ERSE (p < 0.05).