Table 4.

Effects of early-life exposure on F1 individuals: hatching success, survival, and alterations. All data are means ± SEM (n = 50). Treatments compared to their concurrant controls.

Parental (F0) Treatments	Hatching success (%)	Survival (%)	Total altered individuals (%)
0.0% ERSE	91.2 ± 10.2	85.4 ± 9.8	2.2 ± 4.9
0.1% ERSE	83.0 ± 6.7	77.0 ± 14.5	2.5 ± 5.5
0.5% ERSE	77.2 ± 6.5*	63.3 ± 11.7*	15.2 ± 11.9
1.0% ERSE	67.0 ± 12.1*	55.7 ± 8.8*	27.4 ± 8.2*
H1	73.3 ± 5.1*	53.7 ± 7.8*	25.0 ± 13.7*
H1+0.1% ERSE	70.7 ± 6.3*	44.9 ± 9.8*	48.3 ± 17.1*
H2	74.8 ± 5.7*	64.1 ± 8.3	11.5 ± 6.6
H2+0.1% ERSE	73.6 ± 10.1*	56.6 ± 14.3*	21.9 ± 13.8*
H3	82.2 ± 5.8	75.1 ± 6.3	9.3 ± 5.4
H3+0.1% ERSE	79.9 ± 5.2	64.9 ± 10.4	11.8 ± 13.9

^*indicates significant differences from the control (p < 0.05).

All data represent the entire study period (from 21 hpf to 14 dpf). Time to hatch (dpf) was not significantly different between groups and thus we report only hatching success (%). The cumulative number of hatched larvae was recorded for the determination of hatching success, and the cumulative mortality of embryos and larvae was recorded for the determination of survival.