Table 4.
Multivariable-Adjusted Frequencies of Utilization, by APC Versus Physician Status, Office-Versus Hospital-Based Clinics, and PCP Versus Non-PCP Status*
| Variable | PCP | Non-PCP | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Physicians | APCs | P Value | Physicians | APCs | P Value | |
| Sample/weighted population, n/N | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Office-based | 9592/468 million | 366/18.3 million | 2578/118 million | 107/7.5 million | ||
|
| ||||||
| Hospital-based | 6547/28.6 million | 1410/7.6 million | 6812/25.6 million | 1537/6.9 million | ||
| Antibiotics | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Office-based | 48.7 | 51.9 | 0.52 | 50.9 | 45.2 | 0.61 |
|
| ||||||
| Hospital-based | 46.0 | 52.8 | 0.043 | 56.9 | 51.1 | 0.23 |
| CT/MRI | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Office-based | 5.7 | 3.0 | 0.24 | 3.0 | 4.2 | 0.67 |
|
| ||||||
| Hospital-based | 7.1 | 6.4 | 0.70 | 4.4 | 5.8 | 0.34 |
| Radiography | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Office-based | 10.0 | 10.9 | 0.71 | 8.5 | 3.3 | 0.097 |
|
| ||||||
| Hospital-based | 10.5 | 11.1 | 0.66 | 13.9 | 12.5 | 0.49 |
| Referral to other physician | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Office-based | 7.6 | 7.8 | 0.88 | 6.6 | 8.6 | 0.57 |
|
| ||||||
| Hospital-based | 8.3 | 11.8 | 0.018 | 25.1 | 29.6 | 0.35 |
APC = advanced practice clinician; CT = computed tomography; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; NAMCS = National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey; PCP = primary care provider.
*
Values are percentages unless otherwise indicated. Boldface values indicate comparisons with P < 0.05. Models are adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance status, modified Charlson comorbidity count, and symptom acuity. Office-based (NAMCS) models also adjusted for practice setting.