Table 5.
Multivariable-Adjusted Frequencies of Utilization, by APC Versus Physician Status, Office-Versus Hospital-Based Clinics, and Acute Versus Nonacute Visits*
| Variable | Acute | Nonacute | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||||
| Physicians | APCs | P Value | Physicians | APCs | P Value | |
| Sample/weighted population, n/N | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Office-based | 8804/427 million | 360/20 million | 3366/160 million | 113/5.8 million | ||
|
| ||||||
| Hospital-based | 9847/40.7 million | 2581/12.8 million | 3512/13.6 million | 366/1.7 million | ||
| Antibiotics† | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Office-based | 51.1 | 52.1 | 0.87 | 34.6 | 26.7 | 0.60 |
|
| ||||||
| Hospital-based | 54.1 | 53.8 | 0.93 | 22.9 | 29.9 | 0.40 |
| CT/MRI | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Office-based | 6.8 | 2.7 | 0.061 | 3.7 | 3.4 | 0.91 |
|
| ||||||
| Hospital-based | 7.9 | 6.4 | 0.30 | 5.2 | 6.4 | 0.52 |
| Radiography | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Office-based | 10.7 | 9.0 | 0.49 | 7.0 | 8.3 | 0.76 |
|
| ||||||
| Hospital-based | 12.0 | 11.6 | 0.75 | 11.7 | 12.1 | 0.86 |
| Referral to other physician | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Office-based | 7.4 | 8.1 | 0.65 | 7.3 | 8.2 | 0.80 |
|
| ||||||
| Hospital-based | 15.5 | 18.5 | 0.27 | 11.4 | 20.3 | 0.022 |
APC = advanced practice clinician; CT = computed tomography; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; NAMCS = National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey; PCP = primary care provider.
Values are percentages unless otherwise indicated. Boldface values indicate comparisons with P < 0.05. Models are adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, insurance status, modified Charlson comorbidity count, and whether the provider self-identified as the patient’s PCP. Office-based (NAMCS) models also adjusted for practice setting.
Positive for interaction (P = 0.019), suggesting that differences in antibiotic use between PCP APCs and PCP physicians were greater than those between non-PCP APCs and non-PCP physicians in the hospital setting.