Table 1. General characteristics of participants for survey (N = 144).
| Variables | Categories | All | School clinical instructors | Hospital nurse preceptors | x2 | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | M±SD | N (%) | M±SD | N (%) | M±SD | ||||
| Gender | Female | 144 (100) | 38 (100) | 106 (100) | |||||
| Age(year) | 22–25 | 1 (0.7) | 31.94±4.64 | 1 (2.6) | 32.55±5.54 | 0 (0.0) | 31.73±4.28 | 7.93 | .040 |
| 26–30 | 67 (46.5) | 16 (42.1) | 51 (48.1) | ||||||
| 31–35 | 50 (34.7) | 15 (39.5) | 35 (33.0) | ||||||
| 36–40 | 17 (11.8) | 1 (2.6) | 16 (15.1) | ||||||
| ≥ 41 | 9 (6.3) | 5 (13.2) | 4 (3.8) | ||||||
| Teaching subjects‡ | Adult nursing | 15 (35.7) | |||||||
| Fundamental nursing | 8 (19.0) | ||||||||
| Child health nursing | 7 (16.7) | ||||||||
| Women health nursing | 6 (14.3) | ||||||||
| Nursing administration | 6 (14.3) | ||||||||
| Working unit | Medical units | 31 (29.2) | |||||||
| Surgery units | 41 (38.7) | ||||||||
| Operation room | 6 (5.7) | ||||||||
| Intensive care unit | 11 (10.4) | ||||||||
| Pediatric units | 17 (16.0) | ||||||||
| Educational level§ | Diploma | 11 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | 11 (10.4) | 60.51† | < .001 | |||
| BSN | 96 (67.1) | 10 (26.3) | 86 (81.1) | ||||||
| MSN | 32 (22.4) | 24 (63.2) | 8 (7.5) | ||||||
| PhD | 4 (2.8) | 4 (10.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||||||
| Clinical career | Novice | 2 (1.4) | 91.26±52.09 | 1 (2.6) | 62.34±41.39 | 1 (0.9) | 101.63±51.78 | 30.19† | < .001 |
| Advanced beginner | 14 (9.7) | 12 (31.6) | 2 (1.9) | ||||||
| Competent | 55 (38.2) | 16 (42.1) | 39 (36.8) | ||||||
| Proficient | 41 (28.5) | 5 (13.2) | 36 (34.0) | ||||||
| Expert | 32 (22.2) | 4 (10.5) | 28 (26.4) | ||||||
| Teaching career | Novice | 41 (28.5) | 41.58±41.57 | 18 (47.4) | 20.74±18.66 | 23 (21.7) | 49.06±44.92 | 13.22† | .007 |
| Advanced beginner | 48 (33.3) | 14 (36.8) | 34 (32.1) | ||||||
| Competent | 34 (23.6) | 5 (13.2) | 29 (27.4) | ||||||
| Proficient | 16 (11.1) | 1 (2.6) | 15 (14.2) | ||||||
| Expert | 5 (3.5) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (4.7) | ||||||
| Education on patient safety |
Received | 118 (82.5) | 22 (57.9) | 96 (90.6) | 21.75 | < .001 | |||
| Not received | 25 (17.5) | 16 (42.1) | 9 (8.5) | ||||||
† More than 20% of cells had expected count less than 5, Fisher’s exact test
‡ Multiple answer choice questions
§1 Missing value in category of educational level and patient safety education
Novice: ≤12 months, Advanced beginner: 13–36 months, Competent: 37–72 months, Proficient: 73–120 months, Expert: ≥121 months.