(a) AA- or White-derived NHEMs were treated with Hsp70-inhibitor VER-155008 (at increasing concentrations) for 7 days and melanin content determined (Mean +/− SD, n=3; ** P<0.01, * P<0.05 (ANOVA, Dunnett). (b) NHEMs were incubated with 3 μM VER-155008 (for increasing times) and tyrosinase expression determined by Western-blotting. Densitometry values normalized to β-actin are shown. (c) NHEMs were transfected with HSPA1A-specific or non-specific siRNAs and melanin quantitated after 7 days. (d) NHEMs were transfected with HSPA1A-specific or non-specific siRNAs for three days and Hsp70-1A, tyrosinase, TYRP1 or TYRP2 expression determined by Western-blotting. White skin-derived NHEMs were treated with Hsp70-activator SW-02 for (e) 7 days and melanin quantitated or (f) 2 days for Western-blot analysis of tyrosinase, TYRP1, TYRP2, or Rab27a expression. β-actin = loading control.