A photoreceptor’s membrane potential, Vm, is the difference between the negative inside (intracellular) and positive outside (extracellular) voltages. Vm can be calculated, using Hodgkin-Huxley formalism, whereupon, a photoreceptor membrane is modelled as a capacitor, Cm, voltage-gated channels as voltage-regulated conductances, g, leak channels as fixed conductances, reversal potentials for different ion species as DC-batteries. Abbreviations: Iksh: Shaker; Idr, delayed rectifier; Inovel, novel K+; Kleak: K+ leak; Icl, chloride leak currents. The used deterministic Drosophila photoreceptor HH-model is adapted from (Niven et al., 2003; Vahasoyrinki et al., 2006).