Each tested dark-adapted photoreceptor’s receptive field (red Gaussian) was assessed by measuring its intracellular responses to successive flashes from 25 light-points. In light-adaptation experiments, two 39-LED pads, (on both sides of the vertical stimulus array) provided background illumination. The intact fly was fixed inside the conical holder, which was placed upon a close-looped Peltier-element system, providing accurate temperature control (at 19°C). The rig was attached on a black anti-vibration table, inside a black-painted Faraday cage, to reduce noise and light scatter.