Table 1.
Demographic and clinical patient data.
| No. | Age | Sex | Seizure onset | EZ | Visual-positron emission tomography (PET) | EZ vs. visual-PET | Quantitative PET | Concordance: EZ vs. quantitative-PET | Surgical follow-up duration (months) | MRI | HP | Engel |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 14 | M | 3 | R/FL | B/FL | Non-concordant | B/FL | Non-concordant | + | NO | ||
| 2 | 45 | M | 19 | R/FL | NL | Non-concordant | R/FL | Concordant | − | NO | ||
| 3 | 15 | F | 13 | R/FL | NL | Non-concordant | R/FL | Concordant | 26 | + | FCD II-B | II-A |
| 4 | 24 | F | 22 | R/FL | NL | Non-concordant | R/FL | Concordant | 24 | −/+ | Gliosis | I-B |
| 5 | 32 | F | 29 | R/FL | NL | Non-concordant | B/FL | Non-concordant | −/+ | NO | ||
| 6 | 13 | F | 4 | R/FL | R/FL | Concordant | R/FL | Concordant | 26 | −/+ | FCD II-A | III-A |
| 7 | 32 | F | 26 | R/FL | NL | Non-concordant | B/OL | Discordant | 12 | + | FCD II-A | IV-A |
| 8 | 14 | F | 12 | R/FL | R/FL | Concordant | R/FL | Concordant | −/+ | NO | ||
| 9 | 23 | M | 5 | R/FL | R/FL | Concordant | R/FL | Concordant | −/+ | NO | ||
| 10 | 3 | F | 2 | L/FL | L/FL | Concordant | L/FL | Concordant | 21 | + | FCD II-B | IV-A |
| 11 | 6 | F | 4 | L/FL | L/FL | Concordant | L/FL | Concordant | 22 | + | Angiocentric gliomaa | I-A |
| 12 | 39 | F | 12 | L/FL | B/PL | Discordant | L/FL | Concordant | −/+ | NO | ||
| 13 | 28 | F | 18 | L/FL | B/PL | Discordant | L/FL | Concordant | 15 | −/+ | FCD II-B | IV-A |
| 14 | 32 | M | 13 | R/FPL | B/PL | Discordant | L/FL | Discordant | + | NO | ||
| 15 | 31 | F | 18 | L/FL | L/TPL | Discordant | L/FTPL | Concordant | −/+ | NO | ||
| 16 | 62 | F | 49 | R/FL | NL | Non-concordant | R/FL | Concordant | −/+ | NO | ||
| 17 | 35 | M | 14 | L/FL | NL | Non-concordant | L/FL | Concordant | −/+ | NO | ||
| 18 | 20 | F | 9 | L/FL | NL | Non-concordant | B > L/FL | Concordant | 32 | + | FCD II-B | I-A |
| 19 | 44 | M | 26 | R/FPL | NL | Non-concordant | R/PL | Concordant | 27 | + | FCD II-B | I-B |
| 20 | 23 | F | 9 | L/FPL | NL | Non-concordant | L/FPL | Concordant | −/+ | NO | ||
| 21 | 43 | M | 27 | L/FL | NL | Non-concordant | R/FL | Discordant | + | NO | ||
| 22 | 38 | M | 26 | L/FL | NL | Non-concordant | B/FL | Non-concordant | − | NO | ||
| 23 | 23 | F | 8 | L/TOL | R/FPL | Discordant | R/FL | Discordant | + | NO | ||
| 24 | 57 | M | 24 | L/TL | NL | Non-concordant | L/FPL | Discordant | − | NO | ||
| 25 | 53 | M | 40 | R/TL | R/FTPOL | Concordant | R/TL | Concordant | + | FCD II-B | SUDEP | |
| 26 | 47 | F | 33 | R/TL | R/TL | Concordant | R/TL | Concordant | 19 | −/+ | Gliosis | IV-A |
| 27 | 24 | F | 23 | R/TL | R/TL | Concordant | R/TL | Concordant | + | NO | ||
| 28 | 35 | M | 33 | R/TL | R/TL | Concordant | R/TL | Concordant | −/+ | NO | ||
| 29 | 22 | M | 14 | R/TL | NL | Non-concordant | R/TL | Concordant | + | NO | ||
| 30 | 39 | F | 21 | L/TL | L/TL | Concordant | L/TL | Concordant | −/+ | NO | ||
| 31 | 33 | M | 7 | L/TL | L/TL | Concordant | L/TL | Concordant | −/+ | NO | ||
| 32 | 44 | F | 21 | L/TL | L/TL | Concordant | L/TL | Concordant | −/+ | NO | ||
| 33 | 24 | M | 14 | L/TL | L/TL | Concordant | L/TL | Concordant | − | NO | ||
| 34 | 29 | F | 9 | L/TL | L/TL | Concordant | L/TL | Concordant | −/+ | NO | ||
| 35 | 25 | M | 20 | L/TL | L/TL | Concordant | L/TL | Concordant | − | NO | ||
| 36 | 42 | F | 40 | L/TOL | L/TL | Concordant | L/TL | Concordant | −/+ | NO | ||
| 37 | 58 | M | 23 | L/TL | NL | Non-concordant | L/TL | Concordant | 38 | + | Gliosis | II-A |
| 38 | 27 | M | 18 | L/TL | NL | Non-concordant | L/TL | Concordant | – | NO | ||
| 39 | 33 | F | 20 | B/TL | NL | Non-concordant | NL | Non-concordant | − | NO |
Patients 1–22 were classified as frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) (including 3 FPL) and 23–39 were classified as temporal lobe epilepsy (including 2 TOL and 1 BTL). No., number; EZ, epileptogenic zone; visual-PET, visual PET data analysis; quantitative-PET, quantitative PET data analysis; MRI+, patients with lesions detected on MRI; MRI−, patient with negative MRI; MRI−/+, patient initially negative MRI and after functional images and/or new MRI sequences of became MRI+; NO, not operated; NL, normal; HP, histopathology; M, male; F, female; R, right; L, left; B, bilateral; FL, frontal lobe; BFL, bilateral frontal lobe; FPL, frontoparietal lobe; TL, temporal lobe; TOL, temporo-occipital lobe; PL, parietal lobe; OL, occipital lobe; FTPOL, fronto–temporal–parietal lobe; FCD, focal cortical dysplasia; SUDEP, sudden unexpected death.
aThis patient with histologically confirmed angiocentric glioma was included because FCD was one of the differential diagnoses as can be depicted in Figure 1.