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. 2017 Sep 5;7:10453. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10282-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Compound action potentials (CAPs) evoked by conventional electrostimulation and by 12-ns PEF. (a) nsPEF elicit CAPs similar to conventional stimuli, but are selective for the excitation of fast fibers. Shown are CAP traces evoked by nsPEF at three different pulse voltages (solid lines) and by conventional stimulation (dashed line; stimulation parameters are given in the legends). Note that nsPEF at 7.2 kV elicits slightly larger response of the fastest fibers (Aα, first peak) than 250 µs, 2 V stimulation (330 and 300 µV, respectively) while the response of slower fibers (Aβ, the second peak) is 9-fold smaller (7 and 65 µV). (b) A 1-min, 100 stimuli/s tetanus using 12-ns, 11.6 kV pulses did not cause nerve damage. During the tetanus, CAP expectedly became smaller (central panel), but after a 1-min rest CAP evoked by conventional stimulation (right panel) was the same as before the stimulation (left panel; also shown by a dotted line in the right panel).