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. 2017 Sep 5;7:10453. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10282-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Tetanic stimulation (50 Hz, 1 min) by either conventional pulses or nsPEF does not change the nerve refractoriness. (a) The timeline and CAP traces from a representative experiment. Before and after each tetanus, CAPs were evoked by paired stimuli with interpulse intervals of 1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 ms. The tetani consisted of 3,000 single stimuli, either nsPEF (8 kV, 6.4 kV/cm) or conventional (2–4 V, 206–412 V/m), delivered with 50-ms intervals (1 min total). Shown in panels 2 and 4 are CAPs evoked by the first and the last stimuli in each tetanus (the latter CAP is smaller). See text for more details. (b) The inhibition of the test CAPs as a function of the interpulse interval, before and after tetani (open and filled symbols, respectively). The amplitude of the conditioning CAP is taken as 100%. Mean +/− s.e., n = 8 for all groups. For clarity, error bars are shown in one direction only.