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. 2017 Sep 5;7:10436. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10596-4

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Average frequencies of parental alleles in hybrid lineages (a,b) and ideal groups (c) separated from a transgene-free F₂ or F₃ crop-wild (W) /weed (WD) hybrid population. (a) CM lineages are grouped by sampling individuals with crop-parent markers; (b) WM or WDM lineages are grouped by sampling individuals with wild- or weedy-parent markers; (c) Ideal groups are formed randomly. Blue and light-blue columns indicate frequencies of crop-parent alleles in lineages with and without markers, respectively; orange and light-orange columns indicate frequencies of wild- or weedy-parent alleles in lineages with and without markers, respectively. Bars indicate standard deviation. *,**Significance at P < 0.05 or P < 0.01, based on the one-tail paired t test.