Table 1.
Socioeconomic and self-perceived health status of Roma living in segregated settlements of North-eastern region of Hungary in 2004 and in 2015 and of the general Hungarian population according to the national health interview surveys in 2003 and in 2014 with corresponding 95% confidence intervals, and the changes of indicator values by age groups
| First surveys (2003/2004) | Second surveys (2014/2015) | Changes (ratio#) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18–29 years | 30–44 years | 45–64 years | 18–29 years | 30–44 years | 45–64 years | 18–29 years | 30–44 years | 45–64 years | |
| Only primary education (%) | |||||||||
| Roma | 73 (68, 77) | 80 (75, 84) | 87 (82, 91) | 72 (67, 77) | 84 (79, 88) | 95 (91, 97) | 0.99 | 1.05 | 1.09 |
| General | 16 (14, 19) | 17 (15, 20) | 29 (26, 32) | 20 (20.2, 20.3) | 10.77 (10.73, 10.81) | 16.51 (16.46, 16.55) | 1.25* | 0.65* | 0.59* |
| Active worker (%) | |||||||||
| Roma | 17 (14, 21) | 22 (18, 27) | 11 (7, 16) | 47 (41, 53) | 54 (48, 60) | 46 (39, 53) | 2.76* | 2.45* | 4.18* |
| General | 62 (59, 65) | 79 (76, 81) | 53 (51, 56) | 50.4 (50.3, 50.5) | 80.57 (80.52, 80.62) | 61.35 (61.29, 61.41) | 0.81* | 1.03 | 1.15* |
| Mean household equivalent income per month, EUR | |||||||||
| Roma | 170 (160, 180) | 161 (153, 169) | 159 (150, 168) | 192 (182, 203) | 185 (176, 193) | 188 (165, 211) | 1.13* | 1.15* | 1.18 |
| General | 332 (316, 348) | 307 (293, 321) | 300 (290, 309) | nd | nd | nd | – | – | – |
| Self-assessed financial status very bad or bad (%) | |||||||||
| Roma | 59 (54, 64) | 62 (56, 67) | 65 (58, 71) | 38 (32, 44) | 38 (32, 44) | 39 (32, 46) | 0.64* | 0.61* | 0.60* |
| General | 2 (1,5, 3) | 4 (3, 5) | 5 (4, 7) | 14.41 (14.35, 14.47) | 16.06 (16.01, 16.11) | 18.57 (18.52, 18.62) | 7.00* | 4.00* | 3.80* |
| Living in a one-room flat (%) | |||||||||
| Roma | 11 (8, 14) | 12 (9, 16) | 15 (10, 20) | 13 (10, 17) | 13 (10, 17) | 13 (10, 19) | 1.18 | 1.08 | 1.27 |
| General | 9 (7, 11) | 8 (6, 10) | 6 (5, 8) | nd | nd | nd | – | – | – |
| Self-reported health status bad or very bad (%) | |||||||||
| Roma | 3 (2, 5) | 18 (14, 23) | 50 (44, 57) | 17 (13, 22) | 20 (16, 25) | 22 (17, 28) | 5.67* | 1.11 | 0.44* |
| General | 4 (2, 6) | 8 (7, 10) | 25 (23, 27) | 0.93 (0.92, 0.95) | 2.82 (2.80, 2.84) | 13.62 (13.58, 13.66) | 0.23* | 0.25* | 0.52* |
| Self-reported health status good or very good (%) | |||||||||
| Roma | 79 (75, 83) | 48 (42, 55) | 13 (9, 17) | 46 (40, 52) | 39 (33, 45) | 26 (20, 33) | 0.58* | 0.81 | 2.00* |
| General | 80 (75, 83) | 52 (49, 56) | 20 (19, 23) | 90.76 (90.71, 90.80) | 80.15 (80.10, 80.20) | 51.19 (51.13, 51.25) | 1.13* | 1.54* | 2.55* |
| Could do much or much more for own health (%) | |||||||||
| Roma | 68 (64, 73) | 53 (48, 59) | 39 (33, 46) | 55 (49, 61) | 49 (43, 55) | 47 (40, 55) | 0.81* | 0.92 | 1.21 |
| General | 88 (86, 90) | 80 (77, 82) | 66 (64, 69) | 92.02 (91.98, 92.07) | 87.76 (87.72, 87.80) | 76.62 (76.57, 76.67) | 1.05* | 1.09* | 1.15* |
| Discrimination in health care (%) | |||||||||
| Roma | 27 (21, 33) | 33 (26, 41) | 47 (40, 55) | 35 (31, 39) | 15 (11, 19) | 24 (18, 31) | 1.30 | 0.42* | 0.49* |
| General | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | nd | – | – | – |
nd no data
*Significant change
#Reference year 2004 for Roma survey and 2003 for Hungarian survey