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. 2017 Sep 5;7:10523. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10868-z

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ALC potentiates KET-induced [Ca²⁺]_i levels. (a) ALC (60 mM) and/or KET (100 μM) treatment time-dependently increased intracellular Ca²⁺ levels of PC12 cells. The maximal [Ca²⁺]_i levels were achieved at 40 min after ALC and/or KET treatment. (b) ALC (60 mM) and KET co-treatment significantly increased [Ca²⁺]_i levels at 40 min compared with ALC or KET treatment alone. CNQX (50 μM) pretreatment attenuated ALC and ALC + KET induced [Ca²⁺]_i level increase. Scale bar = 20 μm. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 compared with the control group. ^# p < 0.05, ^## p < 0.01 compared with the group treated with ALC and KET. ^$ p < 0.05 compared with the group treated with ALC.