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. 2017 Sep 5;7:10431. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-10651-0

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Biological characteristics of the hamsters from the initial study. Adult hamsters were distributed into two groups and fed either a normal-fat diet (NFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD). Half of the animals in each group were sacrificed on day 15 (15d) and the other half were sacrificed on day 30 (30d). Serum parameters were determined after a 6 h fast. The data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 8 per group). The statistical comparisons among groups were conducted using two- and one-way ANOVAs. D: the effect of the diet; Dxt: the interaction between diet and time (two-way ANOVA, p < 0.05). In each figure, different superscript lowercase letters (^a,b,c) indicate significant different mean values (one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s or Games-Howell post hoc tests, p < 0.05). TC, total cholesterol; LDLc, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDLc, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.