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Summary of antioxidants and their effects.
| Antioxidant | Mechanism of action |
|---|---|
| GPx | H2O2 to H2O |
| SOD | O2− to O2 |
| CAT | H2O2 to H2O and O2 |
| GSH | Antioxidant scavenger, DNA repair, cofactor for enzymes |
| AA | Acts against oxidation of lipids, proteins, and DNA |
| α-Tocopherol | Scavenger for lipid peroxidation products |
GPx: glutathione peroxidase; SOD: superoxide dismutase; CAT: catalase; GSH: glutathione; AA: ascorbic acid.
