Table 1.
Anacardium occidentale leaf extract | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Extract | Extract + LPS 1 μg/mL | ||||||||
Control | LPS 1 μg/mL | 0.5 μg/mL | 5 μg/mL | 500 μg/mL | 0.5 μg/mL | 5 μg/mL | 500 μg/mL | ||
Carbonyl groups (nmol/mg prot) | 6.38 ± 0.47 | 10.02 ± 0.44∗∗ | 4.13 ± 0.17∗ | 3.97 ± 0.19∗ | 2.54 ± 0.16∗ | 6.22 ± 0.28 | 7.65 ± 0.55 | 2.02 ± 0.25∗ | |
TBARS (nmol/mg prot) | 0.61 ± 0.03 | 0.81 ± 0.05∗∗ | 0.45 ± 0.01 | 0.30 ± 0.02∗ | 0.21 ± 0.01∗ | 0.55 ± 0.04 | 0.45 ± 0.03 | 0.12 ± 0.01∗ | |
Thiol groups (μmol/mg prot) | 143.81 ± 5.25 | 72.75 ± 1.95∗∗ | 184.42 ± 5.70 | 153.88 ± 3.60 | 63.52 ± 3.32∗ | 122.05 ± 5.59 | 140.33 ± 4.60 | 49.90 ± 1.97∗ | |
SOD (U/mg prot) | 11.64 ± 0.16 | 6.03 ± 0.13∗∗ | 11.89 ± 0.18 | 12.27 ± 0.34 | 5.61 ± 0.20∗ | 10.46 ± 0.28 | 9.29 ± 0.33 | 3.71 ± 0.18∗ | |
CAT (U/mg prot) | 0.90 ± 0.04 | 0.45 ± 0.03∗∗ | 0.94 ± 0.06 | 0.78 ± 0.02 | 0.29 ± 0.02∗ | 0.78 ± 0.03∗ | 0.85 ± 0.04 | 0.30 ± 0.05∗ |
Parameters of oxidative stress: carbonyl levels were quantified in order to evaluate cell protein oxidative damage; thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) levels were assessed as an index for cellular lipid peroxidation; and thiol levels were assessed to verify protein redox modification. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were also evaluated. Data represent mean ± SEM from three independent experiments (n = 6 per group). One-way ANOVA followed by the post hoc Tukey's test, ∗p < 0.05 versus the control group; ∗∗p < 0.05 versus treated group.