Isolating ALDHhigh CSCs from spheroid cells with PI staining. (A) Exclusion of dead cells by PI staining prior to flow cytometry. The mean percentages of ALDHhigh cancer stem cells in DLD-S, HT29S and HCT116S cells were 0.09±0.01, 0.04±0.01, and 0.09±0.01%, respectively. (B) The dead cells as distinguished by PI staining were distributed in the ALDHhigh subpopulation (Green). Consequently, the dead cells were counted as ALDHhigh cells. (C) The ALDHhigh cells from DLD-1, HT29 and HCT116 adherent cells were 0.01±0.01 to 0.02±0.01%, respectively. ALDH-DEAB was used as a control. All data are presented as mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. *P<0.05 vs. ALDH. PI, propidium iodide; ALDHhigh, high aldehyde dehydrogenase; DEAB, diethylaminobenzaldehyde; SSC-A, side scatter area.