Table 1.
Participants' demographic information and the pairwise Mann-Whitney U-test results.
| HC (n = 31) | MCI (n = 12) | mild AD (n = 18) | Mann–Whitney U-test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| p-value (r) | ||||||
| Characteristic | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | HC vs. MCI | HC vs. mild AD | MCI vs. mild AD |
| Age, years | 72.6 (8.5) | 73.1 (8.2) | 74.7 (10.0) | |||
| Gender, M/F | 19/12 | 8/4 | 12/6 | |||
| Education level, P/S/T | 3/18/10 | 1/7/4 | 3/12/3 | |||
| CDR rating | 0 | 0.5 | 1 | |||
| MMSE score | 28.7 (1.5) | 26.0 (3.1) | 21.2 (3.6) | 0.0033** (0.4485) | < 0.0001** (0.7957) | 0.0012** (0.5896) |
| SVFT, words | ||||||
| Fruits | 13.6 (4.9) | 9.0 (3.7) | 5.7 (2.2) | 0.0081** (0.4036) | < 0.0001** (0.6934) | 0.0084** (0.4809) |
| Food | 14.6 (4.9) | 10.2 (3.9) | 6.3 (2.7) | 0.0094** (0.3961) | < 0.0001** (0.7459) | 0.0079** (0.4851) |
| Animals | 15.2 (3.7) | 10.8 (5.7) | 7.8 (3.0) | 0.0217** (0.3500) | < 0.0001** (0.7304) | 0.1669 (0.2524) |
**
p < 0.05 with Bonferroni-Holm correction.
HC, healthy control; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; mild AD, mild Alzheimer's disease; r, effect size; SD, standard deviation; M, male; F, female; P, primary; S, secondary; T, tertiary.