Table I.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of cases and controls.
| Characteristic | T2DM | Controls | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 996 | 966 | – |
| Male, n (%) | 612 (61.4) | 562 (58.2) | 0.140 |
| Age, years | 46.11±12.55 | 42.94±11.68 | <0.001 |
| Height, m | 1.68±0.08 | 1.69±0.08 | 0.080 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.8±3.58 | 23.3±3.35 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference, mm | 93.49±10.44 | 81.26±10.89 | <0.001 |
| Hip circumference, mm | 99.48±7.44 | 95.76±7.21 | <0.001 |
| WHR | 0.94±0.06 | 0.85±0.07 | <0.001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 130.17±17.50 | 121.25±15.12 | <0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 84.64±11.17 | 79.23±9.67 | <0.001 |
| FPG, mmol/l | 10.03±3.41 | 4.82±0.33 | <0.001 |
| TC, mmol/l | 5.00±1.29 | 4.88±1.04 | 0.030 |
| TG, mmol/l | 2.38±2.25 | 1.42±0.96 | <0.001 |
| HDL, mmol/l | 1.21±0.32 | 1.48±0.37 | <0.001 |
| LDL, mmol/l | 2.91±0.96 | 2.92±0.86 | 0.81 |
| FI, µIU/ml | 12.89±7.59 | 7.89±4.43 | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, % | 9.30±2.36 | 5.12±0.47 | <0.001 |
| HOMA-β | 38.86 (22.09, 69.85) | 104 (70.33, 149.12) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-IR | 4.81 (2.77, 7.48) | 1.51 (1.01, 2.18) | <0.001 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or median (interquartile range). BMI, body mass index; WHR, waist-hip ratio; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; FI, fasting insulin; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment of β cell function; HOMA-IR, HOMA of insulin resistance.