Table 5. Epigenetics: circulating non-coding RNA and DNA methylation markers in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma/biliary tract cancer, 2013–2017.
| Author (year) | MicroRNA | Biliary
tract cancer, number |
Pancreatic
ductal adenocarcinoma, number |
Benign
lesions, number |
Healthy
volunteers, number |
Sensitivity | Specificity | Area
under the curve |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Circulating non-coding RNA | ||||||||
| Kishimoto et al. (2013) 141 | MiR-21 (↑) | 94
94 |
-
- |
-
23 |
50
- |
85%
72.3% |
100%
91.3% |
0.93
0.83 |
| Wang et al. (2013) 142 | miR-27a-3p + CA19-9(↑) | - | 129 | 103 | 60 | 85.3% | 81.6% | 0.886 |
| Kawaguchi et al. (2013) 143 | miR-221 (↑),
miR-375 (↓) |
- | 47 | - | 30 | - | - | 0.762 |
| Zhao et al. (2013) 144 | miR-192 (↑) | - | 70 | - | 40 | 76% | 55% | 0.63 |
| Carleson et al. (2013) 145 | MiR-375 (↑) | - | 48 | 47 | - | - | - | 0.72 |
| Que et al. (2013) 146 | miR-17-5p (↑)
miR-21 (↑), |
- | 22 | 12 | 8 | - | - | 0.887
0.897 |
| Schultz et al. (2014) 147 | Index I + CA19-9
Index II + CA19-9 |
- | 409 | 25 | 312 | 85%
85% |
88%
86% |
0.93
0.92 |
| Silakit et al. (2014) 148 | MiR-192 (↑) | 11 | - | - | 9 | 74% | 72% | 0.803 |
| Lin et al. (2015) 149 | MiR-492 (↑)
MiR-663a (↑) |
- | 49 | - | 27 | 75%
85% |
70%
80% |
0.787
0.870 |
| Chen et al. (2014) 150 | miR-182 (↑) | - | 109 | 38 | 50 | 64.1% | 82.6% | 0.775 |
| Wang et al. (2015) 151 | MiR-150 (↑) | 15 | - | - | 15 | 80% | 58% | 0.764 |
| Ganepola et al. (2015) 152 | miR-22 (↑),
miR-642b (↑) miR-885-5p (↑) |
- | 11 | - | 11 | 91% | 91% | 0.970 |
| Voigtlander
et al. (2015)
153
(serum) |
MiR-1281 (↑)
MiR-126 (↑) MiR-26a (↑) MiR-30b (↑) MiR-122 (↑) |
31 | - | 40 | - | 55%
68% 52% 52% 32% |
90%
93% 93% 88% 90% |
0.83
0.87 0.78 0.78 0.65 |
| Voigtlander
et al. (2015)
153
(bile) |
miR-412 (↑)
miR-640 (↑) miR-1537 (↑) miR-3189 (↑) |
31 | - | 53 | - | 50%
50% 67% 67% |
89%
92% 90% 89% |
0.81
0.81 0.78 0.80 |
| Abue et al. (2015) 154 | miR-21 (↑),
miR-483-3p (↑) |
- | 32 | 12 | 30 | - | - | 0.790
0.754 |
| Salter et al. (2015) 155 | miR-196a (↑),
miR-196b (↑) |
- | 19 | 10 | 10 | 100% | 90% | 0.99 |
| Kojima et al. (2015) 156 | miR-6075,
miR-4294, miR-6880-5p, miR-6799-5p, miR-125a-3p, miR-4530, miR-6836-3p, miR-4476 |
98 | 100 | 21 | 150 | 80.3% | 97.6% | 0.953 |
| Xu et al. (2015) 157 | miR-486-5p (↑)
miR-938 (↑) |
- | 156 | 142 | 65 | - | - | 0.861
0.693 |
| Madhaven et al. (2015) 158 | PaCIC + miRNA
serum-exosome marker panel |
- | - | - | - | 100% | 80% | - |
| Komatsu et al. (2015) 159 | miR-223 (↑) | - | 71 | - | 67 | 62% | 94.1% | 0.834 |
| Alemar et al. (2016) 160 | MiR-21 (↑)
MiR-34a (↑) |
- | 24 | - | 10 | - | - | 0.889
0.865 |
| Wu et al. (2016) 161 | MiR-150 (↓) | 30 | 30 | 28 | 50 | - | - | - |
| Bernuzzi et al. (2016) 162 | MiR-483-5p(↑)
MiR-194(↑) |
40 | 40 | 70 | 40 | - | - | 0.77
0.74 |
| Kim et al. (2016) 163 | mRNA – CDH3 (↑)
mRNA –IGF2BP3(↑) mRNA – HOXB7 (↑) mRNA – BIRC5 (↑) |
- | 21 | 14 | - | 57.1%
76.2% 71.4% 76.2% |
64.3%
100% 57.1% 64.3% |
0.776
0.476 0.898 0.818 |
| Duell et al. (2017) 164 | MiR-10a (↑)
MiR-10b (↑) MiR-21-5p (↑) MiR-30c (↑) MiR-155 (↑) MiR-212 (↑) |
- | 225 | - | 225 | - | - | 0.66
0.68 0.64 0.71 0.64 0.64 |
| DNA hypermethylation | ||||||||
| Branchi et al. (2016) 165 | SHOX2/ SEPT9 | 20 | - | - | 100 | 0.45% | 0.99% | 0.752 |