Table 3.
Obstetric determinants of stillbirth
| Variable | Response | Cases | Controls | OR (CI = 95%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | ||||
| History of stillbirth | No | 225 (89.6) | 478 (97.2) | 1 | |
| Yes | 26 (10.4) | 14 (2.8) | 3.94 (2.02–7.7) | <0.0001 | |
| IUGR | No | 251 (100.0) | 491 (99.8) | ||
| Yes | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.2) | |||
| Spontaneous abortion | No | 209 (83.3) | 415 (84.3) | 1 | |
| Yes | 42 (16.7) | 77 (15.7) | 1.08 (0.71–1.63) | 0.78 | |
| Interpregnancy interval | ≤2 | 30 (12.0) | 100 (20.3) | 1 | |
| >2 | 57 (22.7) | 92 (18.7) | 2.06 (1.22–3.49) | 0.006 | |
| No interval | 164 (65.3) | 300 (61.0) | |||
| Parity | Prim-parous | 78 (31.1) | 157 (31.9) | 1 | |
| Pauci-parous | 112 (44.6) | 225 (45.7) | 1 (0.7–1.42) | 0.93 | |
| Multi-parous | 53 (21.1) | 100 (20.3) | 1.07 (0.69–1.63) | 0.85 | |
| Grand multi-parous | 8 (3.2) | 10 (2.0) | 1.61 (0.61–4.24) | 0.47 | |
| Number of ANCs | 1–2 | 13 (5.2) | 38 (7.7) | 1 | |
| 3–4 | 26 (10.4) | 48 (9.8) | 1.58 (0.78–3.49) | 0.32 | |
| ≥5 | 52 (20.7) | 140 (28.5) | 0.92 (0.45–1.86) | 0.8 | |
| Not available | 160 (63.7) | 266 (54.1) | 0.5 (0.29–1.1) | 0.12 | |
| Gestational age | 22–28 | 84 (33.5) | 3 (0.6) | 175.6 (54.1–570.8) | <0.0001 |
| 29–36 | 95 (37.8) | 30 (6.1) | 19.9 (12.3–32.2) | <0.0001 | |
| 37–42 | 70 (27.9) | 439 (89.2) | 1 | 0.062 | |
| ≥42 | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.4) | 6.27 (0.86–45.2) | 0.096 | |
| Not available | 0 (0.0) | 18 (3.7) | |||
| Mode of delivery | Vaginal | 192 (76.5) | 426 (86.6) | ||
| Caesarean | 59 (23.5) | 66 (13.4) | 1.98 (1.34–2.93) | 0.0008 | |
| Birth weight | 50–1500 | 116 (46.2) | 8 (1.6) | 96.2 (44.8–206.5) | <0.0001 |
| 1500–2500 | 50 (19.9) | 25 (5.1) | 13.3 (7.7–22.9) | <0.0001 | |
| 2500–4000 | 63 (25.1) | 418 (85) | 1 | 0.09 | |
| ≥4000 | 10 (4.0) | 32 (6.5) | 2.07 (0.97–4.42) | 0.06 | |
| Not available | 12 (4.8) | 9 (1.8) | |||
| Congenital malformations | No | 235 (93.6) | 489 (99.4) | 1 | |
| Yes | 16 (6.4) | 3 (0.6) | 11.09 (3.2–38.5) | <0.0001 |