Fig. 5.

TWE attenuates inflammatory responses in experimental colitis. a-d Mononuclear cells were collected 10 days after 3% DSS treatment in the presence or absence of TWE. a, b Intracellular IL12p40, IL6, TNFα, and IL10 productions were measured in the DCs (a) and macrophages (b) from the spleen and MLN using flow cytometry. The mean values ± SD (n = 5, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01) are shown. c Intracellular IFNγ, IL17, and IL4 productions were measured in the CD4⁺ T cells (CD3⁺CD4⁺) from the spleen and MLN using flow cytometry. The mean values ± SD (n = 5, * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01) are shown. d Intracellular Foxp3 expression was measured in the Treg cells (CD3⁺CD4⁺CD25⁺) from the spleen and MLN using flow cytometry. In addition, the expression level of CTLA4 in Treg cells from the spleen and MLN (CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺) was analyzed by flow cytometry. The graphs represent the MFI. The mean values ± SD (n = 5, * P < 0.05) are shown