Table 5.
Combined home and work exposure to takeaway outlets and supermarkets, by groups of educational attainment and equivalised income
| Euclidean buffer counts (no. of outlets) | Network buffer counts (no. of outlets) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 800 m | 1 km | 1 mile | 800 m | 1 km | 1 mile | |
| Takeaway outlets | ||||||
| Educational attainmenta (n = 7169) | ||||||
| Low | 7.86 (7.39, 8.32) | 10.73 (10.16, 11.29) | 20.22 (19.29, 21.14) | 4.55 (4.23, 4.87) | 6.29 (5.89, 6.69) | 12.74 (12.09, 13.38) |
| Medium | 7.01 (6.72, 7.29) | 9.53 (9.18, 9.89) | 18.05 (17.46, 18.64) | 4.00 (3.80, 4.20) | 5.54 (5.29, 5.79) | 11.34 (10.93, 11.76) |
| High | 8.49 (8.15, 8.83) | 12.35 (11.90, 12.81) | 25.14 (24.32, 25.95) | 4.48 (4.27, 4.70) | 6.62 (6.32, 6.91) | 14.82 (14.27, 15.37) |
| p (Highest to lowest) | 0.026 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.725 | 0.191 | <0.001 |
| % Differencec | 8 | 15 | 24 | -2 | 5 | 16 |
| Equivalised incomeb (n = 6774) | ||||||
| <£23,000 | 7.73 (7.28, 8.17) | 10.59 (10.04, 11.14) | 20.31 (19.38, 21.24) | 4.47 (4.17, 4.77) | 6.23 (5.84, 6.61) | 12.62 (11.98, 13.26) |
| £23,000−£42,999 | 7.51 (7.20, 7.82) | 10.47 (10.06, 10.88) | 20.18 (19.48, 20.87) | 4.16 (3.95, 4.37) | 5.89 (5.62, 6.16) | 12.50 (12.02, 12.99) |
| ≥£43,000 | 7.91 (7.57, 8.25) | 11.28 (10.83, 11.72) | 22.49 (21.71, 23.27) | 4.25 (4.03, 4.47) | 6.13 (5.84, 6.42) | 13.46 (12.93, 13.98) |
| p (Highest to lowest) | 0.510 | 0.057 | <0.001 | 0.236 | 0.686 | 0.048 |
| % Differencec | 2 | 7 | 11 | -5 | -2 | 7 |
| Supermarkets | ||||||
| Educational attainmenta (n = 7169) | ||||||
| Low | 1.38 (1.30, 1.46) | 1.94 (1.84, 2.05) | 3.74 (3.54, 3.94) | 0.75 (0.70, 0.81) | 1.05 (0.98, 1.12) | 3.22 (3.04, 3.39) |
| Medium | 1.32 (1.27, 1.37) | 1.86 (1.79, 1.94) | 3.65 (3.51, 3.79) | 0.71 (0.68, 0.75) | 1.00 (0.96, 1.05) | 3.10 (2.98, 3.23) |
| High | 2.20 (2.11, 2.28) | 3.23 (3.12, 3.35) | 6.66 (6.42, 6.90) | 1.07 (1.02, 1.12) | 1.60 (1.53, 1.66) | 5.90 (5.67, 6.12) |
| p (Highest to lowest) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| % Differencec | 59 | 67 | 78 | 45 | 52 | 83 |
| Equivalised incomeb (n = 6774) | ||||||
| <£23,000 | 1.43 (1.35, 1.51) | 2.08 (1.96, 2.19) | 4.15 (3.92, 4.38) | 0.77 (0.71, 0.82) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.14) | 3.63 (3.43, 3.83) |
| £23,000−£42,999 | 1.61 (1.55, 1.68) | 2.32 (2.23, 2.42) | 4.56 (4.37, 4.74) | 0.84 (0.80, 0.89) | 1.21 (1.15, 1.26) | 3.96 (3.79, 4.13) |
| ≥£43,000 | 1.87 (1.79, 1.94) | 2.68 (2.57, 2.79) | 5.47 (5.25, 5.69) | 0.93 (0.88, 0.98) | 1.37 (1.30, 1.43) | 4.75 (4.55, 4.95) |
| p (Highest to lowest) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| % Differencec | 31 | 29 | 32 | 21 | 27 | 31 |
Mean values (95% confidence intervals), trend statistics and percent difference between the lowest and highest socioeconomic groups
aEducational attainment: ‘Low’ indicates compulsory school education and corresponding qualifications; ‘Medium’ indicates further education academic or vocational qualifications; ‘High’ represents degree or higher qualifications
bTotal household income equivalised using a version of the OECD’s modified equivalence scale
cPercent difference computed as 100*((Higher SES-Lower SES)/lower SES)