Table 4.
Subgroup analyses: difference over time between intervention groups
| Measurement | Functional disability (RDQ): mean difference*(95% CI) | No recovery: odds ratio†(95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Psychosocial measures | ||
| Fear-avoidance (0-24): | ||
| FABQ>15 (n=150) | −0.35 (−1.65 to 1.30) | 0.89 (0.36 to 2.18) |
| FABQ≤15 (n=164) | 0.80 (−0.58 to 1.38) | 1.50 (0.64 to 3.53) |
| Catastrophising (0-36): | ||
| CSQ>11 (n=140) | 0.20 (−1.19 to 1.59) | 0.72 (0.29 to 1.80) |
| CSQ≤11 (n=174) | 0.37 (−0.78 to 1.52) | 1.84 (0.80 to 4.22) |
| Distress (0-32): | ||
| 4DSQ>10 (n=107) | 0.35 (−1.55 to 2.26) | 1.35 (0.51 to 3.60) |
| 4DSQ≤10 (n=206) | 0.35 (−0.54 to 1.23) | 1.16 (0.52 to 2.56) |
| Episodes of low back pain | ||
| ≥6 weeks or ≥3 episodes in past year (n=145) | −0.24 (−1.85 to 1.37) | 1.37 (0.58 to 3.22) |
| <6 weeks and <3 episodes in past year (n=169) | 0.54 (−0.27 to 1.34) | 0.88 (0.38 to 2.08) |
RDQ=Roland-Morris disability questionnaire; FABQ=fear-avoidance beliefs questionnaire; CSQ=coping strategies questionnaire; 4DSQ=four dimensional symptom questionnaire (higher scores mean more functional disability, more fear-avoidance, more catastrophising thoughts, and more distress).
Minimal intervention strategy (MIS) minus usual care (UC), adjusted for baseline values and estimated with multilevel analysis. Mean difference >0 means that over 12 months minimum intervention strategy (MIS) group had higher mean score on functional disability than usual care (UC) group.
MIS versus UC, estimated with multilevel analysis. Odds ratio >1 means that over 12 months more patients in MIS group than in UC group reported no recovery.