Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Variables by CKD Status
| Variables | No CKD (N=2939) | CKD (N=279) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 44.0 (37.0, 52.0) | 49.5 (40.0, 56.0) | <0.001 |
| Women, % | 1676 (57.0) | 137 (49.1) | 0.01 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | <0.001 | ||
| Black | 1485 (50.5) | 192 (68.8) | <0.001 |
| White | 876 (29.8) | 45 (16.1) | |
| Hispanic | 515 (17.5) | 38 (13.6) | |
| Other | 63 (2.1) | 4 (1.4) | |
| Smoker, % | 1309 (44.6) | 149 (53.4) | 0.006 |
| Hypertension, % | 976 (33.2) | 186 (66.7) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 286 (9.7) | 105 (37.6) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia, % | 382 (12.7) | 45 (16.2) | 0.11 |
| Prior cardiovascular disease, %a | 187 (6.4) | 49 (17.6) | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure, mm Hg | |||
| Systolic, median (IQR) | 123.5 (114.4, 134.2) | 135.1 (123.3, 153.1) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic, medium (IQR) | 77.7 (72.4, 83.6) | 82.0 (76.0, 90.4) | <0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2, median (IQR) | 29.4 (25.4, 34.6) | 31.8 (27.4, 36.5) | <0.001 |
| ACR, mg/g, median (IQR) | 2.7 (1.8, 4.5) | 48.2 (26.6, 117.5) | <0.001 |
| GFR, mL/min per 1.73 m2, median (IQR) | 98.4 (85.8, 112.9) | 89.6 (61.7, 114.4) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 177.0 (154.0, 203.0) | 176.0 (150.0, 200.0) | 0.85 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dL, median (IQR) | 48.0 (40.0, 57.0) | 47.0 (39.0, 55.0) | 0.33 |
| Cardiac biomarkers | |||
| Hs‐TnT ≥3 ng/L, % | 712 (24.2) | 166 (59.5) | <0.001 |
| BNP, pg/mL, mean (SD) | 10.9 (32.6) | 56.0 (316.4) | <0.001 |
| BNP, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 3.0 (0.1, 12.5) | 5.6 (0.1, 25.7) | <0.001 |
| NT‐pro‐BNP, pg/mL, mean (SD) | 53.6 (118.4) | 327.0 (1242.4) | <0.001 |
| NT‐pro‐BNP, pg/mL, median (IQR) | 27.9 (13.0, 56.5) | 55.0 (19.4, 157.1) | <0.001 |
| BNP ≥75%ile, %b | 707 (24.1) | 100 (35.8) | <0.001 |
| NT‐pro‐BNP ≥75%ile, %b | 668 (22.7) | 138 (49.5) | <0.001 |
| CAC ≥100 Agatston units, %c | 197 (8.5) | 45 (22.4) | <0.001 |
| LV mass, g, median (IQR)d | 155.9 (129.9, 186.2) | 183.4 (147.9, 232.0) | <0.001 |
| LV mass/BSA, g/m2, median (IQR)d | 79.5 (69.8, 92.1) | 92.4 (78.5, 111.2) | <0.001 |
| LVH, %d | 219 (9.4) | 69 (34.0) | <0.001 |
ACR indicates spot urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio; BMI, body mass index; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; BSA, body surface area; CAC, coronary artery calcification; CKD, chronic kidney disease; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; hs‐TnT, high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T; IQR, interquartile range; LV, left ventricular; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; NT‐pro‐BNP, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide.
Prior cardiovascular disease was defined as self‐reported history of prior myocardial infarction, revascularization, heart failure, or stroke.
Derived from sex‐based cutoffs: BNP 75th percentile cutoff for women=15.4 pg/mL, for men=9.5 pg/mL; NT‐pro‐BNP 75th percentile cutoff for women=76.1 pg/mL, for men=40.6 pg/mL.
Included 2522 participants (2321 without CKD and 201 with CKD) with available CAC scores.
Included 2543 participants (2340 without CKD and 203 with CKD) with available cardiac magnetic resonance imaging measurements.