Table 3.
Associations of Biomarkers With Outcomes by CKD Status
| Exposure Variable | No CKD (N=2939) HR (95% CI) | CKD (N=279) HR (95% CI) | P Value for Interaction |
|---|---|---|---|
| All‐cause death | |||
| Hs‐TnT (≥3 ng/L) | |||
| Unadjusted | 3.16 (2.40, 4.15) | 2.73 (1.66, 4.50) | 0.62 |
| Adjusteda | 1.75 (1.29, 2.38) | 1.41 (0.84, 2.39) | 0.47 |
| Adjusted+eGFRb | 1.72 (1.27, 2.34) | 1.31 (0.77, 2.24) | 0.36 |
| Without prior CVDc | |||
| Unadjusted | 2.73 (2.00, 3.73) | 2.58 (1.48, 4.48) | 0.85 |
| Adjusteda | 1.55 (1.09, 2.20) | 1.37 (0.76, 2.47) | 0.71 |
| Adjusted+eGFRb | 1.52 (1.07, 2.16) | 1.26 (0.69, 2.29) | 0.57 |
| BNP ≥75th percentile | |||
| Unadjusted | 1.36 (1.01, 1.83) | 2.47 (1.63, 3.75) | 0.02 |
| Adjusteda | 1.04 (0.76, 1.41) | 2.05 (1.34, 3.14) | 0.01 |
| Adjusted+eGFRb | 1.04 (0.77, 1.42) | 1.97 (1.29, 3.02) | 0.02 |
| Without prior CVDc | |||
| Unadjusted | 1.02 (0.71, 1.47) | 2.13 (1.31, 3.47) | 0.02 |
| Adjusteda | 0.78 (0.53, 1.14) | 1.63 (0.99, 2.69) | 0.02 |
| Adjusted+eGFRb | 0.79 (0.54, 1.15) | 1.55 (0.93, 2.57) | 0.04 |
| NT‐pro‐BNP ≥75th percentile | |||
| Unadjusted | 2.57 (1.95, 3.38) | 3.66 (2.28, 5.88) | 0.21 |
| Adjusteda | 1.92 (1.44, 2.56) | 2.92 (1.80, 4.76) | 0.14 |
| Adjusted+eGFRb | 1.93 (1.44, 2.57) | 2.82 (1.73, 4.60) | 0.18 |
| Without prior CVDc | |||
| Unadjusted | 2.19 (1.59, 3.03) | 4.11 (2.39, 7.08) | 0.05 |
| Adjusteda | 1.72 (1.22, 2.41) | 3.20 (1.83, 5.60) | 0.06 |
| Adjusted+eGFRb | 1.73 (1.23, 2.43) | 3.10 (1.77, 5.44) | 0.08 |
| CAC ≥100d | |||
| Unadjusted | 5.36 (3.76, 7.64) | 3.39 (1.98, 5.80) | 0.16 |
| Adjusteda | 2.31 (1.55, 3.43) | 2.12 (1.20, 3.73) | 0.80 |
| Adjusted+eGFRb | 2.30 (1.54, 3.42) | 1.88 (1.05, 3.35) | 0.56 |
| LVHd | |||
| Unadjusted | 3.12 (2.12, 4.61) | 2.34 (1.38, 3.95) | 0.39 |
| Adjusteda | 1.61 (1.06, 2.44) | 1.57 (0.92, 2.68) | 0.94 |
| Adjusted+eGFRb | 1.61 (1.06, 2.45) | 1.52 (0.88, 2.60) | 0.86 |
| Cardiovascular death or event | |||
| Hs‐TnT (≥3 ng/L) | |||
| Unadjusted | 3.04 (2.21, 4.16) | 7.07 (3.37, 14.86) | 0.04 |
| Adjusteda | 1.65 (1.16, 2.35) | 3.34 (1.56, 7.18) | 0.09 |
| Adjusted+eGFRb | 1.63 (1.14, 2.32) | 3.13 (1.45, 6.76) | 0.12 |
| Without prior CVDc | |||
| Unadjusted | 2.54 (1.73, 3.73) | 7.45 (3.16, 17.61) | 0.03 |
| Adjusteda | 1.39 (0.91, 2.14) | 3.60 (1.48, 8.78) | 0.05 |
| Adjusted+eGFRb | 1.38 (0.90, 2.12) | 3.40 (1.39, 8.37) | 0.06 |
| BNP ≥75th percentile | |||
| Unadjusted | 2.27 (1.65, 3.13) | 2.80 (1.71, 4.60) | 0.49 |
| Adjusteda | 1.65 (1.19, 2.28) | 3.05 (1.83, 5.07) | 0.05 |
| Adjusted+eGFRb | 1.65 (1.19, 2.29) | 2.88 (1.70, 4.85) | 0.08 |
| Without prior CVDc | |||
| Unadjusted | 1.80 (1.20, 2.68) | 2.85 (1.58, 5.15) | 0.21 |
| Adjusteda | 1.33 (0.88, 2.01) | 3.10 (1.68, 5.71) | 0.02 |
| Adjusted+eGFRb | 1.33 (0.88, 2.01) | 2.95 (1.57, 5.54) | 0.04 |
| NT‐pro‐BNP ≥75th percentile | |||
| Unadjusted | 3.45 (2.52, 4.73) | 3.70 (2.17, 6.29) | 0.83 |
| Adjusteda | 2.60 (1.88, 3.60) | 2.75 (1.61, 4.70) | 0.86 |
| Adjusted+eGFRb | 2.60 (1.88, 3.60) | 2.64 (1.53, 4.53) | 0.97 |
| Without prior CVDc | |||
| Unadjusted | 2.71 (1.84, 3.99) | 4.00 (2.15, 7.45) | 0.29 |
| Adjusteda | 2.20 (1.47, 3.28) | 2.82 (1.50, 5.29) | 0.51 |
| Adjusted+eGFRb | 2.21 (1.48, 3.30) | 2.73 (1.45, 5.14) | 0.58 |
| CAC ≥100d | |||
| Unadjusted | 6.74 (4.51, 10.08) | 2.93 (1.51, 5.66) | 0.04 |
| Adjusteda | 2.76 (1.77, 4.29) | 1.22 (0.61, 2.47) | 0.04 |
| Adjusted+eGFRb | 2.76 (1.77, 4.30) | 1.15 (0.56, 2.35) | 0.03 |
| LVHd | |||
| Unadjusted | 4.38 (2.86, 6.72) | 4.13 (2.23, 7.67) | 0.88 |
| Adjusteda | 2.95 (1.86, 4.66) | 3.33 (1.77, 6.27) | 0.77 |
| Adjusted+eGFRb | 2.95 (1.86, 4.66) | 3.25 (1.72, 6.16) | 0.80 |
BNP indicates brain natriuretic peptide; CAC, coronary artery calcification; CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR, hazard ratio; hs‐TnT, high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin T; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; NT‐pro‐BNP, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide.
Models adjusted for age, sex, race, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, total and high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.
Models adjusted for age, sex, race, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, smoking, total and HDL cholesterol, and eGFR.
Analysis excluding 236 participants with prior cardiovascular disease, defined as self‐reported history of prior myocardial infarction, revascularization, heart failure, or stroke (total N=2982).
Analysis including 2324 participants with available imaging studies for evaluation of CAC and LVH. Sensitivity analyses excluding participants with prior cardiovascular disease were not performed for CAC or LVH, given fewer numbers of events.