Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics of the Study Population at Baseline Stratified by Change in Waist Circumference (N=1259)
| Variable | >10% Weight Loss (N=193) | 5% to 10% Weight Loss (N=209) | <5% Weight Change (N=578) | 5% to 10% Weight Gain (N=144) | >10% Weight Gain (N=135) | P Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weight, kg | 84.7 (73.5, 99.3) | 82.3 (70.0, 95.5) | 81.1 (69.0, 93.0) | 76.2 (65.21, 88.4) | 69.8 (59.4, 80.0) | <0.0001 |
| Age, y | 45 (37, 51) | 45 (38, 53) | 44 (37, 52) | 41 (35, 48) | 40.(33, 48) | <0.0001 |
| Male, % | 35.75 | 43.06 | 51.73 | 37.50 | 22.96 | 0.1804 |
| Race/ethnicity, % | ||||||
| White | 33.7 | 37.807 | 41.007 | 40.3 | 35.6 | 0.3832 |
| Black | 52.3 | 46.9 | 40.8 | 42.4 | 44.4 | 0.0401 |
| Hispanic | 11.4 | 13.4 | 15.7 | 16.0 | 17.8 | 0.0724 |
| Hypertension, % | 33.5 | 32.8 | 26.0 | 21.7 | 13.4 | <0.0001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 12.4 | 9.1 | 7.1 | 4.9 | 3.0 | 0.0004 |
| Hypercholesterolemia, % | 15.0 | 8.6 | 11.8 | 10.4 | 9.6 | 0.3505 |
| Current smoker, % | 26.4 | 18.7 | 21.7 | 19.4 | 32.6 | 0.4348 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 76.3 (69.9, 83.3) | 75.0 (66.3, 82.7) | 74.7 (66.0, 81.7) | 73.5 (65.3, 80.7) | 74.3 (66.7, 83.0) | 0.0520 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 126.3 (114.3, 133.3) | 127.0 (115.3, 138.7) | 122.5 (114.0, 130.7) | 121.8 (112.3, 133.0) | 116.0 (108.3, 123.7) | <0.0001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 78.3 (72.0, 84.7) | 78.3 (73.3, 86.3) | 77.0 (71.0, 82.3) | 77.0 (70.3, 81.5) | 73.7 (67.3, 79.3) | <0.0001 |
| Mean arterial pressure, mm Hg | 94.7 (85.6, 100.6) | 95.0 (87.4, 104.0) | 92.1 (85.4, 98.4) | 91.7 (85.2, 97.9) | 87.6 (81.4, 93.9) | <0.0001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 104.0 (71.0, 146.0) | 98.0 (68.0, 159.0) | 99.0 (67.0, 151.0) | 86.0 (60.0, 128.0) | 71.0 (54.0, 103.0) | <0.0001 |
| High‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL | 48.0 (39.0, 58.0) | 46.0 (41.0, 58.0) | 47.0 (40.0, 58.0) | 48.0 (40.0, 59.5) | 56.0 (46.0, 65.0) | 0.0010 |
| Triglyceride/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio | 2.1 (1.30, 3.3) | 2.1 (1.31, 3.7) | 2.1 (1.3, 3.4) | 1.8 (1.1, 2.9) | 1.2 (0.9, 2.1) | <0.0001 |
| Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, mg/dL | 114.0 (86.0, 133.0) | 108.0 (88.0, 129.0) | 107.0 (85.0, 130.0) | 101.0 (81.0, 122.0) | 97.0 (74.0, 122.0) | 0.0011 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 187.0 (157.0, 209.0) | 182.0 (161.0, 204.0) | 179.0 (157.0, 206.0) | 171.5 (152.0, 197.0) | 171.0 (149.0, 198.0) | 0.0002 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 93.0 (86.0, 102.0) | 92.0 (86.0, 102.0) | 92.0 (84.0, 100.0) | 92.0 (85.0, 98.0) | 87.0 (81.0, 93.0) | <0.0001 |
| Insulin, μU/mL | 13.1 (8.0, 20.2) | 12.0 (7.2, 19.3) | 11.3 (6.9, 18.0) | 10.5 (6.9, 18.3) | 7.3 (5.3, 11.3) | <0.0001 |
| HOMA‐IR | 3.4 (1.7, 5.2) | 2.7 (1.6, 4.5) | 2.6 (1.5, 4.3) | 2.3 (1.5, 4.3) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.7) | <0.0001 |
| N‐Terminal pro B‐type natriuretic peptide, pg/mL | 27.0 (13.2, 62.3) | 26.1 (10.1, 51.6) | 24.9 (12.1, 55.2) | 28.2 (13.2, 55.0) | 30.4 (15.5, 62.7) | 0.5634 |
| High‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, mg/L | 3.3 (1.7, 7.6) | 2.6 (1.1, 5.4) | 2.2 (0.9, 5.1) | 2.2 (0.9, 5.0) | 1.5 (0.6, 3.1) | <0.0001 |
| High‐sensitivity troponin, ng/L | 1.5 (1.5, 1.5) | 1.5 (1.5, 3.1) | 1.5 (1.5, 3.1) | 1.5 (1.5, 1.5) | 1.5 (1.5, 1.5) | 0.1146 |
| Adiposity measures | ||||||
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 30.2 (26.1, 35.7) | 28.7 (25.5, 32.9) | 28.1 (24.8, 32.2) | 27.6 (24.2, 31.6) | 25.0 (23.0, 28.2) | <0.0001 |
| Waist circumference, cm | 100.0 (91.5, 112.0) | 99.0 (90.0, 108.0) | 95.0 (87.5, 104.0) | 90.3 (81.5, 100.5) | 82 (74.5, 89.5) | <0.0001 |
| Waist/hip ratio | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.9, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.8, 1.0) | 0.9 (0.8, 0.9) | 0.8 (0.8, 0.9) | <0.0001 |
| Index of central obesity | 0.6 (0.5, 0.7) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.6) | 0.6 (0.5, 0.6) | 0.5 (0.5, 0.6) | 0.5 (0.5, 0.5) | <0.0001 |
| Visceral adiposity index | 210.6 (121.9, 346.0) | 187.7 (107.7, 324.8) | 172.9 (102.6, 293.3) | 155.1 (82.0, 287.8) | 114.(74.7, 174.9) | <0.0001 |
| Cardiac MRI measures | ||||||
| LV mass/allometric height, g/m2.7 | 32.8 (27.6, 38.3) | 31.0 (26.1, 36.8) | 31.1 (26.5, 35.6) | 30.6 (26.0, 35.4) | 28.5 (25.0, 33.6) | <0.0001 |
| LV end‐diastolic volume/allometric height, mL/m2.7 | 30.0 (26.1, 34.3) | 28.4 (25.4, 32.8) | 28.9 (25.2, 32.4) | 29.5 (26.0, 32.5) | 28.7 (25.2, 32.2) | 0.1044 |
| LV wall thickness, mm | 7.7 (6.6, 8.8) | 7.8 (6.7, 8.7) | 7.6 (6.6, 8.6) | 7.5 (6.4, 8.4) | 7.0 (6.2, 8.1) | 0.0003 |
| Concentricity, g/mL | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.3) | 1.1 (1.0, 1.2) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.2) | 1.1 (0.9, 1.2) | 0.0026 |
| Stroke volume, mL | 81.8 (72.6, 91.4) | 79.6 (71.7, 88.8) | 81.6 (70.9, 91.0) | 80.8 (70.1, 89.1) | 76.6 (67.3, 85.6) | 0.0192 |
| Ejection fraction, % | 0.7 (0.6, 0.7) | 0.7 (0.7, 0.7) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.7) | 0.7 (0.6, 0.7) | 0.7 (0.7, 0.7) | 0.6862 |
Values presented as median (25%,75%) or percentiles as appropriate. HOMA‐IR indicates homeostatic model assessment‐insulin resistance; LV, left ventricular; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.