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. 2017 Jul 21;6(7):e006406. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.117.006406

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© 2017 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Flow chart of the study design. AF indicates atrial fibrillation; AFL, atrial flutter; NHIRD, National Health Insurance Research Database; RHD, rheumatic heart disease; VHD, valvular heart disease.