Table 6.
Clinical Characteristics by AF Ablation Status in PINNACLE AATAC Cohort
| PINNACLE AATAC Cohort N=8483 (100%) | PINNACLE AATAC Cohort With AF Ablation N=785 (9%) | PINNACLE AATAC Cohort Without AF Ablation N=7698 (91%) | P Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, y | 71.2±11.4 | 69.5±11.5 | 71.4±11.4 | <0.001 |
| Male | 6659 (78.5%) | 620 (79.0%) | 6039 (78.5%) | 0.74 |
| Race | ||||
| White | 4740 (90.4%) | 416 (90.0%) | 4324 (90.4%) | 0.47 |
| Black | 417 (8.0%) | 41 (8.9%) | 376 (7.9%) | |
| Other | 86 (1.6%) | 5 (1.1%) | 81 (1.7%) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| BMI, kg/m2 | 30.1±9.7 | 30.7±9.5 | 30.1±9.8 | 0.18 |
| Hypertension | 6299 (82.4%) | 488 (78.8%) | 5811 (82.7%) | 0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 2660 (31.8%) | 209 (27.2%) | 2451 (32.3%) | 0.003 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 5580 (74.7%) | 416 (70.3%) | 5164 (75.1%) | 0.008 |
| Heart failure | 8483 (100.0%) | 785 (100.0%) | 7698 (100.0%) | |
| Coronary artery disease | 6088 (79.2%) | 555 (76.8%) | 5533 (79.5%) | 0.09 |
| Unstable angina | 311 (3.7%) | 41 (5.2%) | 270 (3.5%) | 0.02 |
| Stable angina | 1050 (13.2%) | 88 (12.3%) | 962 (13.3%) | 0.47 |
| Chronic liver disease | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Stroke/TIA | 523 (8.6%) | 38 (7.4%) | 485 (8.7%) | 0.30 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 1140 (15.1%) | 89 (14.4%) | 1051 (15.1%) | 0.63 |
| Ischemic vascular disease | 6264 (76.2%) | 577 (75.1%) | 5687 (76.3%) | 0.47 |
| Cardiovascular events | ||||
| Myocardial infarction | 2575 (34.3%) | 193 (28.8%) | 2382 (34.8%) | 0.001 |
| Systemic embolism | 65 (1.0%) | 3 (0.5%) | 62 (1.0%) | 0.24 |
| Intracranial hemorrhage | 289 (3.4%) | 26 (3.3%) | 263 (3.4%) | 0.85 |
| Other major hemorrhage | 176 (2.1%) | 18 (2.3%) | 158 (2.1%) | 0.65 |
| Vascular complication | 323 (3.8%) | 49 (6.3%) | 274 (3.6%) | <0.001 |
| Echocardiographic parameters | ||||
| LVEF | 28.4±8.0 | 28.8±8.2 | 28.3±8.0 | 0.19 |
| Atrial fibrillation characteristics | ||||
| Duration | 0.02 | |||
| First detected | 345 (17.8%) | 12 (9.2%) | 333 (18.4%) | |
| Paroxysmal | 1268 (65.5%) | 97 (74.6%) | 1171 (64.8%) | |
| Permanent | 323 (16.7% | 21 (16.2%) | 302 (16.7%) | |
| Etiology | 1.00 | |||
| Non‐valvular | 339 (98.8%) | 2 (100.0%) | 337 (98.8%) | |
| Valvular | 4 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0% | 4 (1.2%) | |
| Transient/reversible | 0 (0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| INR value | 2.2±1.0 | 2.1±1.0 | 2.2±1.0 | 0.49 |
| AF recurrence | 12 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | 11 (0.1%) | 1.00 |
| Devices | ||||
| ICD | 8483 (100%) | 722 (92.0%) | 7198 (93.5%) | 0.10 |
| CRT‐D | 6626 (78.6%) | 746 (95.2%) | 5880 (76.9%) | <0.001 |
| LVAD | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | |
| Medications | ||||
| Rate control | ||||
| Beta‐blockers | 8483 (100.0%) | 785 (100.0%) | 7698 (100.0%) | |
| Calcium‐channel blockers | 1037 (12.2%) | 84 (10.7%) | 953 (12.4%) | 0.17 |
| Digoxin | 2710 (31.9%) | 220 (28.0%) | 2490 (32.3%) | 0.01 |
| Rhythm control | ||||
| Amiodarone | 2090 (24.6%) | 195 (24.8%) | 1895 (24.6%) | 0.89 |
| Dofetilide | 96 (1.1%) | 12 (1.5%) | 84 (1.1%) | 0.27 |
| Dronedarone | 78 (0.9%) | 10 (1.3%) | 68 (0.9%) | 0.27 |
| Flecainide | 9 (0.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (0.1%) | 1.00 |
| Propafenone | 8 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | 7 (0.1%) | 0.54 |
| Quinidine | 4 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (0.1%) | 1.00 |
| Sotalol | 178 (2.1%) | 19 (2.4%) | 159 (2.1%) | 0.51 |
| Anticoagulation | ||||
| ADP antagonist | 1237 (14.6%) | 88 (11.2%) | 1149 (14.9%) | 0.004 |
| Aspirin | 5391 (63.6%) | 487 (62.0%) | 4904 (63.7%) | 0.36 |
| DOAC | 1316 (15.5%) | 145 (18.5%) | 1171 (15.2%) | 0.02 |
| Warfarin | 4476 (52.8%) | 400 (51.0%) | 4076 (52.9%) | 0.29 |
| Procedures | ||||
| DCCV | 1113 (13.1%) | 273 (34.9%) | 840 (10.9%) | <0.001 |
| Electrophysiology study | 835 (9.8%) | 541 (68.9%) | 294 (3.8%) | <0.001 |
| PCI (BMS) | 228 (2.8%) | 6 (0.8%) | 222 (3.0%) | <0.001 |
| PCI (DES) | 327 (4.3%) | 14 (1.9%) | 313 (4.5%) | 0.001 |
| CABG | 1719 (20.5%) | 146 (18.6%) | 1573 (20.6%) | 0.18 |
| Cardiac valve surgery | 221 (2.8%) | 32 (4.2%) | 189 (2.6%) | 0.01 |
| Heart transplant | 157 (1.9%) | 19 (2.4%) | 138 (1.8%) | 0.21 |
AF indicates atrial fibrillation; BMI, body mass index; BMS, bare metal stent; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; CRT‐D, cardiac resynchronization therapy with defibrillation; DCCV, direct‐current cardioversion; DES, drug‐eluting stent; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; HF, heart failure; HFrEF, heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; ICD, implantable‐cardioverter defibrillator; INR, international normalized ration; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; PINNACLE, Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence; TIA, transient ischemic attack.