Table 2.

Echocardiographic measures before and after 12 weeks of high aerobic intensity cycle training

Echocardiographic Variables	Premenopausal				Postmenopausal			Group Differences
	n=36			Training Effect	n=37		Training Effect	Baseline	12 Weeks
	Unit	Baseline	12 Weeks	P Value	Baseline	12 Weeks	P Value	P Value	P Value
LV morphology
LVIDD	cm	4.5±0.1	4.6±0.1	0.0007	4.5±0.1	4.6±0.1	0.04	0.56	0.94
LVIDS	cm	2.8±0.8	2.7±0.8	0.064	2.9±0.8	2.8±0.8	0.49	0.61	0.15
LVEDV	mL	93.2±2.6	101.7±2.6	0.0006	95.4±2.5	97.6±2.5	0.36	0.36	0.25
LVESV	mL	37.5±1.7	42.0±1.7	0.054	40.3±1.7	41.8±1.7	0.49	0.50	0.93
LV stroke volume	mL	55.6±1.9	59.7±1.9	0.064	55.1±1.9	55.8±1.9	0.76	0.85	0.15
LV mass index	g/m2	76.9±2.5	82.1±2.5	0.001	81.4±2.4	87.6±2.4	0.001	0.19	0.11
LV mass	g	136±5	145±5	0.001	142±5	152±5	0.002	0.35	0.25
IVSD	cm	0.92±0.2	0.92±0.02	0.91	0.94±0.02	0.97±0.02	0.08	0.42	0.053
IVSS	cm	1.32±0.04	1.37±0.04	0.23	1.35±0.04	1.37±0.04	0.69	0.54	0.96
LVPWd	cm	0.93±0.02	0.926±0.02	0.97	0.94±0.02	0.95±0.02	0.68	0.77	0.55
LVPWs	cm	1.64±0.05	1.80±0.05	0.002	1.74±0.05	1.78±0.05	0.37	0.16	0.81
Systolic function
EF, biplane	%	59.3±1.3	58.8±1.3	0.79	57.9±1.3	57.5±1.3	0.85	0.45	0.50
GLS	%	−19.8±0.4	−20.2±0.4	0.27	−19.3±0.4	−20.8±0.4	0.0004	0.38	0.25
s′TDI color, mean	cm/s	6.1±0.2	6.3±0.3	0.41	5.7±0.2	5.8±0.2	0.55	0.10	0.07
Pulsed TDI s′, mean	cm/s	8.3±0.2	8.0±0.2	0.12	7.6±0.2	7.4±0.2	0.39	0.003	0.02
LV displacement	mm	12.4±0.2	12.8±0.2	0.04	11.8±0.2	12.1±0.2	0.16	0.09	0.04
Diastolic function
Mitral inflow velocity E/A ratio	···	1.29±0.05	1.38±0.05	0.01	1.20±0.04	1.32±0.04	0.0001	0.13	0.40
Mitral deceleration time	ms	207±8	185±8	0.02	190±8	196±8a	0.48	0.11	0.32
E/e′	···	6.5±0.3	7.1±0.3	0.001	7.0±0.3	7.5±0.3	0.02	0.13	0.19
a′TDI color, mean	cm/s	−6.5±0.2	−6.1±0.2	0.025	−6.4±0.2	−6.5±0.2a	0.49	0.78	0.11
Pulsed TDI a′, mean	cm/s	9.1±0.2	8.9±0.2	0.33	9.2±0.2	9.0±0.2	0.62	0.92	0.69
e′TDI color, mean	cm/s	−9.0±0.3	−9.2±0.3	0.22	−7.9±0.2	−8.0±0.2	0.53	0.002	0.0004
Pulsed TDI e′, mean	cm/s	11.6±0.3	11.3±0.3	0.18	10.1±0.3	10.1±0.3	0.87	0.0002	0.01
IVRT, mean	ms	86±2	87±2	0.54	96±2	94±2	0.26	0.002	0.03
Mitral valve E velocity	m/s	0.81±0.02	0.87±0.02	0.0002	0.77±0.02	0.82±0.02	0.002	0.20	0.08
Mitral valve A velocity	m/s	0.64±0.02	0.65±0.02	0.54	0.66±0.02	0.64±0.02	0.19	0.46	0.78
Left atrium
LAEDV	mL	22.9±1.5	28.4±1.5	0.0006	23.5±1.5	31.6±1.5	<0.0001	0.77	0.13
LAEDV index	mL/m2	12.9±0.8	16.3±0.8	0.0004	13.3±0.8	18.2±0.8	<0.0001	0.73	0.10
LAESV index	mL/m2	29.4±1.2	36.1±1.2	<0.0001	30.3±1.2	37.8±1.2	<0.0001	0.59	0.31
LAESV	mL	51.9±2.2	63.3±2.2	<0.0001	51.2±2.2	65.6±2.2	<0.0001	0.67	0.45
Right ventricle
TAPSE	cm	2.59±0.1	2.62±0.1	0.63	2.55±0.1	2.55±0.1	0.99	0.59	0.36
Pulsed TDI s′	cm/s	13.6±0.3	13.9±0.4	0.34	13.4±0.3	13.3±0.3	0.58	0.79	0.22

EF indicates ejection fraction; GLS, global longitudinal strain; IVRT, isovolumic relaxation time; IVSD, left ventricular interventricular septum diastole; IVSS, left ventricular interventricular septum systole; LAEDV, left atrial diastolic volume; LAESV, left atrial systolic volume; LV, left ventricular; LVEDV, left ventricular end‐diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end‐systolic volume; LVIDD, left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter; LVIDS, left ventricular end‐systolic diameter; LVPWd, left ventricular posterior wall thickness diastole; LVPWs, left ventricular posterior wall thickness systole; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TDI, tissue Doppler imaging.

Values are expressed as mean±SEM.

^a P<0.05: significant delta change with training between group.